When Is Retaliation Respected? Status and Vengefulness in Intergroup and Interpersonal Contexts

Abstract

The authors investigate how conflict between groups shapes social status within groups. Conflict may create opportunities for individuals to gain or lose status by demonstrating group commitment. Pursuing revenge for an intergroup affront can serve as a source of status in settings characterized by a “culture of honor” or “code of the street.” Yet little is known about whether this holds in everyday settings. The authors develop a theoretical account of the relationship between vengeful behavior and social status. They test their predictions with four online survey experiments. Respondents generally perceive intergroup retaliation as more status-worthy than interpersonal retaliation, and these status rewards are similar for men and women, are specific to retaliation rather than initiating aggression, and are diminished by premeditation. Broader implications include understanding how status shapes the social organization of aggression, why trivial disputes escalate, and the link between inter- and intragroup relations.

Bystander responses to bias‐based bullying and retaliation: Is retaliation perceived as more acceptable than bias‐based bullying?

“…Although no studies have examined the role of group membership in the bystander responses to victim retaliation in adolescence and childhood, few recent studies provide some evidence why victim group members might be more inclined to see retaliation as acceptable and deserving of by the outgroup transgressor in adulthood (Benard & Doan, 2020; Goode & Smith, 2016). For example, across four studies, Benard and Doan (2020) showed that adults were more likely to evaluate retaliation as more ‘“status‐worthy’ when the offence was directed to their ingroup compared to interpersonal offence. Thus, it is also plausible that intergroup retaliation is perceived as more acceptable to protect group‐welfare and group status (Goode & Smith, 2016).…”