Bystander responses to bias‐based bullying and retaliation: Is retaliation perceived as more acceptable than bias‐based bullying?

Gönültaş, Seçil; Mulvey, Kelly Lynn

doi:10.1111/bjdp.12371

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Bystanders may also fear that they may lose their social status in their peer groups if they intervene, especially when the bully is a popular peer (Forsberg et al., 2018). Thus, bystanders might also support the bully, especially in intergroup bias‐based bullying, when the victim is an outgroup member (immigrant/refugee) and the bully is an ingroup member (António et al., 2020; Gönültaş & Mulvey, 2021). Limited research on bystander judgments and responses to intergroup bias‐based bullying provides evidence that bystanders may be exposed to higher risks of being socially excluded by their group members if they intervene (António et al., 2020).…”

Section: Bystanders’ Judgments and Responses To Intragroup Interperso...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Adolescents Intervene in Intergroup Bias‐based Bullying? Bystander Judgments and Responses to Intergroup Bias‐based Bullying of Refugees

Gönültaş

Mulvey

2022

J of Research on Adolesc

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This study examined 587 Turkish adolescents’ (Mage = 13.14, SD = 1.61) judgments and bystander responses towards hypothetical intragroup interpersonal (Turkish victim) and intergroup bias‐based (Syrian refugee victim) bullying. Intergroup factors and social‐cognitive skills were assessed as predictors. Findings revealed that adolescents were less likely to see bullying as acceptable and less likely to explicitly support the bully in intragroup interpersonal bullying compared to intergroup bias‐based bullying. Further, adolescents with higher theory of mind and empathy were more likely to evaluate intergroup bias‐based bullying as less acceptable and more likely to challenge the bully. Adolescents’ prejudice and discrimination towards refugees were predictors of bystander judgments and responses to intergroup bias‐based bullying. This study provides implications for anti‐bullying intervention programs.

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Section: Bystanders’ Judgments and Responses To Intragroup Interperso...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Adolescents Intervene in Intergroup Bias‐based Bullying? Bystander Judgments and Responses to Intergroup Bias‐based Bullying of Refugees

Gönültaş

Mulvey

2022

J of Research on Adolesc

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“…Previous studies based on the SRD model supports this possibility; research on bystander reactions by Palmer et al (2022) showed preadolescents from a majority status group (i.e., Cypriot nationals) were more likely to challenge the social exclusion of a peer from their own group compared with an immigrant peer. Similarly, a recent study by Gönültaş and Mulvey (2021b) found that Turkish middle- and high-school students were more likely to report that they would be inclusive toward Turkish victims of interpersonal bullying compared with Syrian victims of intergroup bullying in their future interactions. The SRD model also, however, recognizes an important developmental shift between late childhood and mid-adolescence in reasoning about social exclusion (Rutland & Killen, 2015).…”

Section: Social Reasoning Developmental Modelmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Furthermore, peer group members can show their reactions to intergroup social exclusion in retaliatory ways (e.g., excluding the excluder from the group; Gönültaş & Mulvey, 2021a, 2021b). Gönültaş and Mulvey (2021b) presented participants with two initial bullying scenarios (Syrian peer is bullied by a Turkish bully and Turkish peer is bullied by a Turkish bully). Next, participants were told that the Syrian and Turkish victims retaliated against the bully.…”

Section: Direct and Indirect Bystander Challengingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging the exclusion of immigrant peers

Palmer

Gönültaş

Yüksel

et al. 2022

International Journal of Behavioral Development

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The present study examined age-related differences in bystander reactions within the context of peer exclusion of national ingroup (British) and immigrant outgroup (Australian or Turkish) peers. The immigrant peers were from nations that varied in terms of their perceived intergroup status in Britain. Participants were British children ( n = 110, 8–11 years) and adolescents ( n = 193, 13–16 years) who were presented with one of three scenarios in which a British national, Australian immigrant, or Turkish immigrant peer was excluded by a British peer group. Participants indicated their bystander responses. Perceived similarity and bystander self-efficacy were examined as possible correlates of bystander reactions. Findings revealed that children were more likely to directly challenge the social exclusion when the excluded peer was British or Australian compared with when they were Turkish. In contrast, adolescents did not differentiate in their response—they were equally likely to directly challenge the exclusion regardless of the excluded peer’s nationality. Importantly, when the excluded peer was Turkish, moderated mediation analysis showed that, with age, there was higher bystander self-efficacy for challenging the exclusions. In turn, higher bystander self-efficacy was related to higher direct challenging. These novel findings demonstrate the importance of intergroup relations, perceived similarity, and bystander self-efficacy in the emergence of age-related differences in bystander reactions to the exclusion of immigrant peers.

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“…For example, it may have serious implications for class and school climate in multicultural schools, especially regarding future aggression levels. In a study with 179 immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents in the US on offline ethnic-based victimization especially immigrant students judged retaliation to be an acceptable reaction to ethnicbased victimization (Gönültaş and Mulvey, 2021). In a study on workplace offline race-based victimization, Wu et al (2015) found racial victimization to be associated with race-related stress which in turn was related to race-based rejection sensitivity, i.e., being vigilante and anxious about future race-related incidents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyberbullying in a Multicultural Context—Forms, Strain, and Coping Related to Ethnicity-Based Cybervictimization

2022

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Cyberbullying is repeated aggression via digital media. There is extensive research analyzing forms of cyberbullying (e.g., relational or picture-based cyberbullying) and coping reactions (e.g., passive coping, seeking social support, retaliation). However, the mechanisms of cyberbullying in a multicultural society are not well-understood yet. Studies from the US show lower rates of cybervictimization for ethnic minorities, but comparable outcomes, studies from outside the US show different results. The present study focuses on the prevalence of ethnic/racist motives for cybervictimization as compared to non-ethnic/racist motives among adolescent students in a sample from Germany. Moreover, this study examines whether students with a migration background experience more strain and employ the same coping strategies as students without a migration background. An ethnically diverse sample of N = 348 adolescents, aged M = 14.1 (SD = 1.2) years, 50% males, completed a questionnaire about cyberbullying, perceived strain, motives for cybervictimization and coping behavior. Twenty-one percentage of the sample had no, 14% had a first-generation, and 66% had a second-generation migration background. Adolescents with a migration background generally reported higher levels of all victimization motives. No difference in perceived strain was found between the migration status groups. Ethnicity-based motives only significantly predicted ethnic/racist victimization, while dispute-related motives predicted all types of cybervictimization. First-generation migration background, ethnicity-based cybervictimization and perceived strain all played an important role in the different coping strategies. In sum, ethnic/racist cybervictimization seems prevalent especially among first generation adolescents, who are affected in a comparable manner as non-immigrants. Adolescents with a first-generation migration background seem to be especially vulnerable. Prevention and intervention efforts should focus on functional coping strategies especially for this group on the one hand. On the other hand, evidence-based intervention programs should be implemented to reduce bias and ethnicity-/race-based perpetration and victimization to foster successful acculturation and integration.

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Bystander responses to bias‐based bullying and retaliation: Is retaliation perceived as more acceptable than bias‐based bullying?

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

Do Adolescents Intervene in Intergroup Bias‐based Bullying? Bystander Judgments and Responses to Intergroup Bias‐based Bullying of Refugees

Do Adolescents Intervene in Intergroup Bias‐based Bullying? Bystander Judgments and Responses to Intergroup Bias‐based Bullying of Refugees

Challenging the exclusion of immigrant peers

Cyberbullying in a Multicultural Context—Forms, Strain, and Coping Related to Ethnicity-Based Cybervictimization

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