When is it good to be shy? Experimental evaluation of predation of juvenile salmon by riparian wildlife

Miyamoto, Kouta; Araki, Hideki

doi:10.1007/s10750-019-04132-w

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Additionally, predator avoidance behavior might be more relevant in situations where the predatory style is pursuit, instead of ambush (Flynn and Ritz 1999). Previous reports suggested that juvenile masu salmon will use an artificial shelter as part of their hiding behavior when exposed to predation stimuli (Miyamoto 2016;Miyamoto and Araki 2020). Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that masu salmon often used structures for shelter in the current study as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Artificially increased habitat complexity reduces predation-induced mortality for juvenile salmon in simplified environments

Miyamoto

Đorđević²,

Araki

2021

Environ Biol Fish

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Many river systems have been artificially modified for various reasons worldwide. Although simplified riverbeds due to artificial modifications often alter the species compositions and interactions, methods for mitigating habitat degradation in such rivers are underdeveloped. In this study, we evaluated the effects of tree branches on the survival of juvenile masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou under predation risk by piscivorous fish (White-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis) in artificially simplified environments. We found that 0.4 m 2 or more of tree branches per 1.0 m 2 of artificial concrete pond doubled the survival of juvenile salmon for 20 days. In addition, body sizes of predator and prey did not have a significant effect on salmon survival, whereas the number of branches did in this experiment. These results indicate that adding structural complexity can mitigate predation pressure by piscivorous fish in artificially simplified environments. This study provides important guidelines for the management and restoration of suitable habitats for stream salmonids in artificially simplified environments where the main predators are piscivorous fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Artificially increased habitat complexity reduces predation-induced mortality for juvenile salmon in simplified environments

Miyamoto

Đorđević²,

Araki

2021

Environ Biol Fish

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“…Additionally, it is possible that other important behavioural traits are altered by these changes in avoidance behaviour. In fact, survival rates of captive-bred masu salmon are lower than that of F1 fish [ 38 ], and it is suggested that predator avoidance under low-light conditions is one factor that might influence survival rate [ 39 ]. Therefore, management schemes that rely on the stocking of captive-bred individuals should take into account the potential for reduced survival rates in natural environments caused by declines in functions of sensory organs and related changes to behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of domestication and captive breeding on reaction to moving objects: implications for avoidance behaviours of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou

2023

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Domestication and captive breeding can compromise the obstacle- and predator-avoidance capabilities of animals in the wild. Whereas previous studies only examined these effects in combination, here we examine them individually by comparing the abilities of wild, F1 (offspring of wild parents) and captive-bred (approx. F15) masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou to avoid a falling object under experimental conditions. Rates of avoidance failure were low (wild, 12.5%; F1, 10.7%; captive-bred, 8%) under light conditions, but increased under dark conditions (wild, 11.1%; F1, 32.1%; captive-bred, 60.0%). We attribute the elevated avoidance failure rate among F1 fish to the lack of learning opportunities in hatchery environments (i.e. domestication), and the further elevation of avoidance failure rate among captive-bred fish to the degradation of sensory organ function (i.e. captive breeding). These results imply reduced survival rates for F1 and captive-bred fish in the wild and are consistent with the low stocking efficiencies reported for captive-bred masu salmon.

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“…This heightened mortality is expected to result from increased encounters with predators, as well as a higher frequency of interactions with conspecifics (Biro et al 2006;Boon et al 2008), which can increase the likelihood of exposure to parasites and/or pathogens (Barber and Dingemanse 2010;Kortet et al 2010). This was demonstrated in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou, where bolder individuals suffered higher predation as they less successful at avoiding ambushes of grey heron Ardea cinerea (Miyamoto and Araki 2020), and in deer mice Peromyscus maniculatus, where exploratory individuals were three times more likely to be infected with hantavirus (Dizney and Dearing 2013). However, our study population of Seychelles warblers mainly experiences egg and nestling predation (Collar et al 1985), and there are no known parasites or pathogens that spread through conspecific interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of the pace-of-life syndrome in a wild-living population of cooperatively-breeding passerine

Cox¹,

Sparks²,

Burke³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis posits that consistent between-individual variation in behavioral traits (‘animal personalities’) mediates trade-offs in life-history. Individuals with risk-averse traits are expected to follow a relatively ‘slow’ pace-of-life (long lifespan, delayed reproduction), compared to their riskier, ‘fast’, counterparts. Despite a breadth of empirical research, findings are equivocal, with recent reviews highlighting that the core assumptions of the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis are likely overlooked. Here, we use long-term data from a closed population of individually-marked Seychelles warblers, whose life-history trade-offs and ecological conditions align with the pace-of-life syndrome framework, but whose risk-averse traits associate negatively, rather than positively with a slow pace-of-life. Specifically, we test for associations between exploratory scores (novel environment and novel object) and three life-history measures (age at first breeding, reproductive lifespan and longevity) as well as lifetime reproductive success as a measure of fitness. We find no evidence for covariation between exploratory personalities and any of the life-history measures or lifetime reproductive success, in either males or females. We thus find no support for the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis, and demonstrate that whilst preliminary checks prior to testing the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis are important, alternative mechanisms may loosen selective pressures needed for a pace-of-life syndrome to emerge.

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When is it good to be shy? Experimental evaluation of predation of juvenile salmon by riparian wildlife

Cited by 8 publications

References 65 publications

Artificially increased habitat complexity reduces predation-induced mortality for juvenile salmon in simplified environments

Artificially increased habitat complexity reduces predation-induced mortality for juvenile salmon in simplified environments

Effects of domestication and captive breeding on reaction to moving objects: implications for avoidance behaviours of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou

Absence of the pace-of-life syndrome in a wild-living population of cooperatively-breeding passerine

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