What’s New in Orthopaedic Surgery

Gitelis, Steven; Saiz, Paul

doi:10.1016/s1072-7515(02)01198-5

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, the complication rate in autogenous bone grafting is as high as 30% and may include donor site morbidity, pain, paresthesia, prolonged hospitalization and rehabilitation, increased risk of deep infection, hematoma, inflammation, and restricted availability. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Another reasonable option for patients and surgeons is the use of bone tissue from other humans (typically cadavers) called allograft. Allografts may derive from viable (alive) or sterilized non-viable sources.…”

Section: Motivation Behind Bone Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone tissue engineering: A review in bone biomimetics and drug delivery strategies

Porter

Ruckh

Popat

2009

Biotechnology Progress

666

499

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Critical‐sized defects in bone, whether induced by primary tumor resection, trauma, or selective surgery have in many cases presented insurmountable challenges to the current gold standard treatment for bone repair. The primary purpose of a tissue‐engineered scaffold is to use engineering principles to incite and promote the natural healing process of bone which does not occur in critical‐sized defects. A synthetic bone scaffold must be biocompatible, biodegradable to allow native tissue integration, and mimic the multidimensional hierarchical structure of native bone. In addition to being physically and chemically biomimetic, an ideal scaffold is capable of eluting bioactive molecules (e.g., BMPs, TGF‐βs, etc., to accelerate extracellular matrix production and tissue integration) or drugs (e.g., antibiotics, cisplatin, etc., to prevent undesired biological response such as sepsis or cancer recurrence) in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. Various biomaterials including ceramics, metals, polymers, and composites have been investigated for their potential as bone scaffold materials. However, due to their tunable physiochemical properties, biocompatibility, and controllable biodegradability, polymers have emerged as the principal material in bone tissue engineering. This article briefly reviews the physiological and anatomical characteristics of native bone, describes key technologies in mimicking the physical and chemical environment of bone using synthetic materials, and provides an overview of local drug delivery as it pertains to bone tissue engineering is included. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009

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Section: Motivation Behind Bone Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone tissue engineering: A review in bone biomimetics and drug delivery strategies

Porter

Ruckh

Popat

2009

Biotechnology Progress

666

499

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“…Because the autograft, allograft, and xenograft methods currently used have various drawbacks, including the requirement of additional surgery, insufficient sources, the risk of immunological rejection, and the risk of disease transmission, 6,11,12,15,37 there is urgent need for new bone graft sources for the reconstruction of large bone defects. Bone tissue engineering, which simulates an autograft through the integration of osteogenic cells into porous scaffolds, is expected to lead to bone substitutes with good mechanical and regenerative potentials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillatory Perfusion Culture of CaP-Based Tissue Engineering Bone with and without Dexamethasone

Furukawa

Ushida

2008

Ann Biomed Eng

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Dexamethasone, a powerful osteogenic agent for osteoblast differentiation, has been suggested to have synergistic effects when applied together with perfusion culture. As ceramic scaffolds are widely used clinically and oscillatory flow well replicates the natural physical conditions, the biological effects of dexamethasone on oscillatory perfusion culture of CaP-based tissue engineering bone were investigated in this study. Mouse osteoblast-like cells, MC 3T3-E1, were seeded onto porous ceramic scaffolds using the oscillatory perfusion method. The seeded constructs were then either cultured by a static method or an oscillatory perfusion method at different flow rates continuously for 6 days with and without dexamethasone. The cell proliferation, early osteogenic effects, and viability were subsequently evaluated. The results showed that the oscillatory flow could enhance early osteogenesis of osteoblast-like cells in three-dimensional culture on ceramic scaffolds, with a peak function at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The cell viability was significantly higher and more uniform in the perfusion groups than in the static culture groups. The uniformity decreased as the perfusion rates decreased. However, dexamethasone seems to have had no significant effects in any of the groups. Our results suggest that dexamethasone is not an efficient osteogenic supplement during perfusion culture on CaP ceramic scaffolds, and predifferentiation before seeding or additional osteogenic factors should be considered for such cultures.

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“…Several limitations associated with grafting include graft availability, donor site morbidity, and immune rejection . Because of these complications, strategies are being developed to engineer bone tissue in vitro for replacement and repair (Gitelis and Saiz 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of implantation on scaffoldless three-dimensional engineered bone constructs

Smietana

Syed-Picard

et al. 2009

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal

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Our laboratory has previously developed scaffoldless engineered bone constructs (EBC). Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were harvested from rat femur and cultured in medium that induced osteogenic differentiation. After reaching confluence, the monolayer of cells contracted around two constraint points forming a cylinder. EBCs were placed in small diameter (0.5905 x 0.0625 in.) or large diameter (0.5905 x 0.125 in.) silicone tubing and implanted intramuscularly in the hind limb of a rat. Bone mineral content (BMC) of the EBC was analyzed before implantation and at 1 and 2 mo following implantation and compared to that of native femur bone at different stages of development. Negligible BMC was observed in E-20 femur or EBCs prior to implantation. One-month implantation in both small and large tubing increased BMC in the EBC. BMC of EBC from large tubing was greater than in 14 d rat neonatal femurs, but was 2% and 3% of BMC content in adult bone after 1 and 2 mo of implantation, respectively. Alizarine Red and osteopontin staining of the EBCs before and after implantation confirmed increased bone mineralization in the implanted EBCs. Implanted EBCs also had extensive vascularization. Our data suggest that BMSC can be successfully used for the generation of scaffoldless EBC, and this model can be potentially used for the generation of autologous bone transplants in humans.

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What’s New in Orthopaedic Surgery

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Bone tissue engineering: A review in bone biomimetics and drug delivery strategies

Bone tissue engineering: A review in bone biomimetics and drug delivery strategies

Oscillatory Perfusion Culture of CaP-Based Tissue Engineering Bone with and without Dexamethasone

The effect of implantation on scaffoldless three-dimensional engineered bone constructs

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