What Is the Relationship between Dopamine and Effort?

Walton, Mark E.; Bouret, Sébastien

doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.10.001

Cited by 110 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…Dopamine is considered to play a role in valuating prospective effort and reward when we make a decision to act, such as to expend effort in future action [8,9]. Using a novel dynamic effort task, we show that modulating homoeostatic dopamine balance influences how humans allocate effort to maximise rewards on the fly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Previous research in rodents and humans ascribes a central role to dopamine in motivational decision-making [8,9]. Whilst dopamine blockade and depletion reduce a willingness to choose effortful options in the service of maximising reward [10][11][12][13], boosting dopamine increases a propensity to choose high effort options associated with high reward outcomes [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of dopamine in dynamic effort-reward integration

Michely

Viswanathan

Hauser

et al. 2020

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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When deciding to act, the neurotransmitter dopamine is implicated in a valuation of prospective effort and reward. However, its role in dynamic effort-reward integration during action, a process central to everyday behaviour, remains unclear. In a placebocontrolled, within-subject, study, we probed the impact of increasing brain dopamine levels (150 mg of levodopa) and blocking dopamine receptors (1.5 mg of haloperidol) in the context of a novel dynamic effort task in healthy human subjects. We show that modulating homoeostatic dopamine balance distinctly alters implicit and explicit effort allocation as a function of instantaneous reward. Pharmacologically boosting dopamine enhanced motor vigour, reflected in an implicit increase in effort allocation for high rewards. Conversely, pharmacological blockade of dopamine attenuated sensitivity to differences in reward context, reflected in reduced strategic effort discounting. These findings implicate dopamine in an integration of momentary physical experience and instantaneous reward, suggesting a key role of dopamine in acting to maximise reward on the fly.Neuropsychopharmacology (2020) 0:1-6; https://doi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dopamine in dynamic effort-reward integration

Michely

Viswanathan

Hauser

et al. 2020

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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“…Mismatch between these two representations is defined as a prediction error, and is likely a vital substrate by which accuracy of ensuing predictions about cue-event relationships can be improved. Prediction errors related to receipt of reward have been strongly associated with dopaminergic neurons and their projections to frontostriatal circuits [1][2][3][4]. In rodents and humans, presentation of reward-predicting cues causes an increase in dopaminergic neuron activity and dopamine release in terminal regions, not only in proportion to the expected value of the upcoming reward but also to the deviation from that expectation when the reward is actually delivered [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphetamine disrupts haemodynamic correlates of prediction errors in nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex

Werlen

Shin

Gastambide

et al. 2019

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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In an uncertain world, the ability to predict and update the relationships between environmental cues and outcomes is a fundamental element of adaptive behaviour. This type of learning is typically thought to depend on prediction error, the difference between expected and experienced events and in the reward domain that has been closely linked to mesolimbic dopamine. There is also increasing behavioural and neuroimaging evidence that disruption to this process may be a cross-diagnostic feature of several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders in which dopamine is dysregulated. However, the precise relationship between haemodynamic measures, dopamine and reward-guided learning remains unclear. To help address this issue, we used a translational technique, oxygen amperometry, to record haemodynamic signals in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), while freely moving rats performed a probabilistic Pavlovian learning task. Using a model-based analysis approach to account for individual variations in learning, we found that the oxygen signal in the NAc correlated with a reward prediction error, whereas in the OFC it correlated with an unsigned prediction error or salience signal. Furthermore, an acute dose of amphetamine, creating a hyperdopaminergic state, disrupted rats' ability to discriminate between cues associated with either a high or a low probability of reward and concomitantly corrupted prediction error signalling. These results demonstrate parallel but distinct prediction error signals in NAc and OFC during learning, both of which are affected by psychostimulant administration. Furthermore, they establish the viability of tracking and manipulating haemodynamic signatures of reward-guided learning observed in human fMRI studies by using a proxy signal for BOLD in a freely behaving rodent.

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“…Moreover, to gain further insight on the specific role of noradrenaline as compared to 88 dopamine neurons, we compared the activity of LC neurons to that of putative DA 89 neurons recorded from substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area 90 (SNc/VTA) in the same paradigm. Indeed, dopamine is also implicated in novelty and 91 information seeking (Horvitz et al 1997;Schultz 1998;Costa et al 2014;Bromberg-92 Martin & Hikosaka, 2009; Naudé et al 2016), as well as playing a prominent role in 93 motivation and action initiation (Walton & Bouret, 2019). As for LC noradrenergic 94 neurons, we could examine separately the relation between dopaminergic neurons 95 and sensitivity to task state changes and willingness to perform the presented option.…”

Section: Introduction 31mentioning

confidence: 99%

Noradrenergic but not dopaminergic neurons signal task state changes and predict re-engagement after a failure

Jahn

Varazzani

Sallet

et al. 2019

Preprint

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16The two catecholamines, noradrenaline and dopamine, have been shown to play 17 comparable roles in behaviour. Both noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons 18 respond to salient cues predicting reward availability and to stimulus novelty, and 19 shape action selection strategies. However, their roles in motivation have seldom been 20 directly compared. We therefore examined the activity of noradrenergic neurons in the 21 locus coeruleus and putative midbrain dopaminergic neurons in monkeys cued to 22 perform effortful actions for rewards. The activity in both regions correlated with the 23 likelihood of engaging with a presented option. By contrast, only noradrenaline neurons 24 were also (i) predictive of engagement in a subsequent trial following a failure to 25 engage and (ii) sensitive to the task state change, the discovery of the new task 26 condition in unrepeated trials. This indicates that while dopamine is primarily important 27 for the promotion of actions directed towards currently available rewards, 28 noradrenergic neurons play a crucial complementary role in mobilizing resources to 29 promote future engagement. 30 frame, the magnitude of LC responses to sensory stimuli increases when these stimuli 54 are unexpected, and therefore provide information about the state of the world that 55 may be useful to guide subsequent behaviour. By contrast, perfectly expected stimuli 56 provide little information, and so their presentation should not require the updating of 57 behaviour. In other words, such a function could allow the activation of LC neurons to 58 promote the adaptation of behaviour in response to a change in the state of the world 59

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What Is the Relationship between Dopamine and Effort?

Cited by 110 publications

References 108 publications

The role of dopamine in dynamic effort-reward integration

The role of dopamine in dynamic effort-reward integration

Amphetamine disrupts haemodynamic correlates of prediction errors in nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex

Noradrenergic but not dopaminergic neurons signal task state changes and predict re-engagement after a failure

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