Noradrenergic but not dopaminergic neurons signal task state changes and predict re-engagement after a failure

Abstract

16The two catecholamines, noradrenaline and dopamine, have been shown to play 17 comparable roles in behaviour. Both noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons 18 respond to salient cues predicting reward availability and to stimulus novelty, and 19 shape action selection strategies. However, their roles in motivation have seldom been 20 directly compared. We therefore examined the activity of noradrenergic neurons in the 21 locus coeruleus and putative midbrain dopaminergic neurons in monkeys cued to 22 perform effortful actions for rewards. The activity in both regions correlated with the 23 likelihood of engaging with a presented option. By contrast, only noradrenaline neurons 24 were also (i) predictive of engagement in a subsequent trial following a failure to 25 engage and (ii) sensitive to the task state change, the discovery of the new task 26 condition in unrepeated trials. This indicates that while dopamine is primarily important 27 for the promotion of actions directed towards currently available rewards, 28 noradrenergic neurons play a crucial complementary role in mobilizing resources to 29 promote future engagement. 30 frame, the magnitude of LC responses to sensory stimuli increases when these stimuli 54 are unexpected, and therefore provide information about the state of the world that 55 may be useful to guide subsequent behaviour. By contrast, perfectly expected stimuli 56 provide little information, and so their presentation should not require the updating of 57 behaviour. In other words, such a function could allow the activation of LC neurons to 58 promote the adaptation of behaviour in response to a change in the state of the world 59

Roles of Motor Cortex Neuron Classes in Reach-Related Modulation for Hemiparkinsonian Rats

“…The LFP recordings were bandpass filtered at 0.5–200 Hz and sampled at 1 kHz. A 50 Hz notch filter was employed to reduce line artifacts ( Aton et al, 2014 ; Wang et al, 2016 ; Jahn et al, 2020 ).…”

Video_3.MP4

“…The LFP recordings were bandpass filtered at 0.5-200 Hz and sampled at 1 kHz. A 50 Hz notch filter was employed to reduce line artifacts (Aton et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2016;Jahn et al, 2020).…”

Video_1.MP4

“…The LFP recordings were bandpass filtered at 0.5-200 Hz and sampled at 1 kHz. A 50 Hz notch filter was employed to reduce line artifacts (Aton et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2016;Jahn et al, 2020).…”