What is gastritis? What is gastropathy? How is it classified?

Abstract

Stomach endoscopic biopsies are made to determine the diagnosis of the illness, its stage, and follow-up after the treatment. It is very significant to collaborate with the clinician while evaluating endoscopic biopsies. Besides the clinical and laboratory information of the patient, the endoscopic appearance of the lesion should be known. The clinician and pathologist should use the same language and the same terminology. Although new classifications have been made to prevent the confusion of terminologies in neoplastic processes recently, most centers around the world have reported non-invasive neoplasias without giving any certain diagnosis by just commenting on it. The clinician should understand what the pathologist wants to say; pathologists should know the approach of the clinician (repetition of the biopsy, endoscopic resection, surgery). There is Helicobacter pylori (HP) in most of the stomach pathologies as the etiologic agent. No matter if the factor is HP or other etiologic agents, the tissue gives similar responses. That is why clinical-endoscopic indications should be taken into consideration, as well as histological indications, and the reports of the endoscopy should be seen. A good clinicopathologic correlation increases the accuracy of the diagnosis. Keywords: Gastritis, gastropathy, classification Gastritis is an infectious or auto-immunological inflammation. Gastropathy can be described as a pathology that displays epithelial injury and regeneration, and it is secondary to endogenous or exogenous irritants.In practice, "gastritis" may be accompanied by mucosal injury, while "gastropathy" may show, even if minimal, an inflammatory reaction. CLASSIFICATIONThere is no universal categorization of gastritis and gastropathy, but they can be categorized according to their duration of development (according to the inflammation type) and acute/chronic etiology. GASTRITISGastritis is an inflammatory condition of gastric mucosa that displays changes related to etiology and the host response. It was identified in the 1800s as a result of autopsies. There may be similar morphological images of gastritis based on different etiologies, and there may be more than one etiologic agent in a gastritis chart.Gastritis was categorized as chronic and acute in 1947 for the first time. Then, chronic gastritis was categorized into two subgroups: namely, superficial and atrophic.After Marshall and Warren demonstrated in 1983 that a bacteria called Campylobacter pylori caused gastritis, a tendency of an etiology-oriented denotation began. For this purpose, a group of gastropathologists prepared a classification in 1990 in Sydney for the first time to classify and rank gastritis. Within this period, the importance of the findings of gastritis, atrophy, and metaplasia in Correa's chart in 1992 was realized, and these findings were included in the first classification. However, due to differences between observers in the rating of especially chronic gastritis and atrophy over time, the Sydney classification was rev...

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