Weight Change Is Associated With Change in Arterial Stiffness Among Healthy Young Adults

Wildman, Rachel P.; Farhat, Ghada N.; Patel, Ami; Mackey, Rachel H.; Brockwell, Sarah; Thompson, Trina; Sutton-Tyrrell, Kim

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000152200.10578.5d

Cited by 153 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Children, in whom impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes later developed, were characterized by a low BMI between birth and 2 years of age, a young age at adiposity rebound, and a sustained accelerated gain in BMI until adulthood. A similar association between rate of weight gain and the risk of cardiovascular disease in children and adults has been recently described (18,19,28).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

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Growth Velocity Predicts Recurrence of Sleep-disordered Breathing 1 Year after Adenotonsillectomy

Amin

Anthony

Somers³

et al. 2008

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

165

125

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Rationale: Adenotonsillectomy, the first line of treatment of sleepdisordered breathing (SDB), is the most commonly performed pediatric surgery. Predictors of the recurrence of SDB after adenotonsillectomy and its impact on cardiovascular risk factors have not been identified. Objectives: Demonstrate that gain velocity in body mass index (BMI) defined as unit increase in BMI/year confers an independent risk for the recurrence of SDB 1 year after adenotonsillectomy. Methods: Children with SDB and hypertrophy of the tonsils and a comparison group of healthy children were followed prospectively for 1 year. Measurements and Main Results: Serial polysomnographies, BMI, and blood pressure were obtained before adenotonsillectomy and 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Gain velocity in BMI, BMI and being African American (odds ratios, 4-6/unit change/yr; 1.4/unit and 15, respectively) provided equal amounts of predictive power to the risk of recurrence of SDB. In the group that experienced recurrence, systolic blood pressure at 1 year was higher than at baseline and higher than in children who did not experience recurrence. Conclusions: Three clinical parameters confer independent increased risk for high recurrence of SDB after adenotonsillectomy: gain velocity in BMI, obesity, and being African American. A long-term follow-up of children with SDB and monitoring of gain velocity in BMI are essential to identifying children at risk for recurrence of SDB and in turn at risk for hypertension. Keywords: growth velocity; adenotonsillectomy; sleep-disordered breathingOne of the most frequently encountered conditions associated with obesity is sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). In adults, the risk of SDB increases by 1.14 for every unit increase in body mass index (BMI) (1). In the pediatric population, the risk for developing SDB is fourfold greater in obese children than in children who are not obese (2). Although the prevalence of SDB in all children is believed to range from 2 to 3% (3-5), the prevalence in adolescents who are morbidly obese exceeds 50% (6, 7). Obesity is therefore strongly associated with abnormal upper airway control during sleep across all age groups.Adenotonsillectomy, the first line of treatment in the management of childhood SDB, is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in children. The annual rate of adenotonsillectomy in children aged 0 to 14 years ranges from 19 per 10,000 in Canada to 115 per 10,000 in the Netherlands (8). At least half of these procedures are performed to relieve symptoms of SDB. In the first few weeks after adenotonsillectomy, obese children with SDB have a less favorable response to surgery than lean children. However, neither the long-term outcome nor the factors that contribute to recurrence of the disorder after adenotonsillectomy are clearly understood. Moreover, the impact of recurrence of SDB on important cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure (BP), has never been examined.Research investigating the relationship between adiposity and SDB h...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Several studies have demonstrated that the inflammatory consequences of obesity and its cardiovascular morbidity are influenced by the rate of weight gain over time independent of actual weight (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Thus, the degree of adiposity and rate of weight gain may reflect different disease processes (20,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Velocity Predicts Recurrence of Sleep-disordered Breathing 1 Year after Adenotonsillectomy

Amin

Anthony

Somers³

et al. 2008

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

165

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In another study, patients who could reduce abdominal circumference after 16 weeks of aerobic training could reduce SBP and pulse pressure 45 . After these findings, it is worth to mention that reduced visceral fat was associated with improved arterial compliance, contrary to the progression of arterial rigidity, which is associated with weight gain 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Physical activity, adiposity and hypertension among patients of public healthcare system

Turi

Codogno

Fernandes

et al. 2014

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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ABSTRACT:Introduction: Hypertension is a chronic disease that requires special attention in identifying comorbidities or risk factors including inactivity and obesity. Considering that a large proportion of the Brazilian population is hypertensive, obese, and sedentary, the relationship among these variables in the context of the public health system is unclear. Objective: To assess the association among physical activity, markers of adiposity, and hypertension in adult users of the public healthcare system in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: The study was conducted in five Basic Health Units in Bauru, São Paulo, and consisted of 963 patients. Data were collected from habitual physical activity and previous (childhood and adolescence), education, purchasing power and anthropometric markers of overall and abdominal obesity. Results: The incidence of hypertension was 76.8%. Significant associations were found among sedentarism, presence of total and abdominal obesity, with the higher incidence of hypertension. It was also observed that the magnitude of association between hypertension and adiposity increased with decreased involvement in physical activity. Conclusion: Further investigations are needed to analyze the occurrence of overweight and obesity in people suffering from chronic diseases in order to prevent future complications.

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“…There are suggestive findings from an observational study that changes in weight, in interaction with baseline weight, influences aPWV. Wildman et al (22) observed that modest weight loss in young adults with a mean baseline BMI of 27 kg/m 2 was associated with lowering of aPWV over a mean period of 2 years observation, whereas modest weight gain was associated with increased aPWV. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of weight loss on aPWV as well as measures of metabolic control and markers of inflammation in overweight and obese participants with type 2 diabetes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Weight Loss and Nutritional Intervention on Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes

Barinas‐Mitchell

Kuller²,

Sutton-Tyrrell³

et al. 2006

Diabetes Care

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OBJECTIVE -There is increased stiffness of the large central arteries in type 2 diabetic patients, and obesity is a risk factor. However, the effect of intentional weight loss on arterial stiffness is uncertain, and the purpose of the current study was to assess this effect.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) at baseline and at completion of a 1-year weight loss intervention. Metabolic control of type 2 diabetes was also appraised.RESULTS -Mean weight loss at 1 year in 38 volunteers with type 2 diabetes was 7.8%. There were improvements in HbA 1c , LDL cholesterol, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tumor necrosis factor-␣, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein). There was also a significant improvement in aPWV at completion of weight loss intervention, from 740 to 690 cm/s (P Ͻ 0.05).CONCLUSIONS -Moderate weight loss improves arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.

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Weight Change Is Associated With Change in Arterial Stiffness Among Healthy Young Adults

Cited by 153 publications

References 38 publications

Growth Velocity Predicts Recurrence of Sleep-disordered Breathing 1 Year after Adenotonsillectomy

Growth Velocity Predicts Recurrence of Sleep-disordered Breathing 1 Year after Adenotonsillectomy

Physical activity, adiposity and hypertension among patients of public healthcare system

Effect of Weight Loss and Nutritional Intervention on Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes

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