Effect of Weight Loss and Nutritional Intervention on Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

OBJECTIVE -There is increased stiffness of the large central arteries in type 2 diabetic patients, and obesity is a risk factor. However, the effect of intentional weight loss on arterial stiffness is uncertain, and the purpose of the current study was to assess this effect.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) at baseline and at completion of a 1-year weight loss intervention. Metabolic control of type 2 diabetes was also appraised.RESULTS -Mean weight loss at 1 year in 38 volunteers with type 2 diabetes was 7.8%. There were improvements in HbA 1c , LDL cholesterol, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tumor necrosis factor-␣, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein). There was also a significant improvement in aPWV at completion of weight loss intervention, from 740 to 690 cm/s (P Ͻ 0.05).CONCLUSIONS -Moderate weight loss improves arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.

Improved insulin sensitivity, central systolic pressure and inflammatory indicators achieved with minor weight reduction in overweight and obese subjects given education on lifestyle modification

“…From prior studies, it appears that weight loss of >7% may improve arterial stiffness and BP. This amount of weight loss was also associated with improvement in lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and insulin sensitivity [7,22,37] achieved by a regimented nutritional and exercise intervention program [6]. Despite the improvement in hsCRP and insulin parameters, it is possible that the small weight loss achieved in this study and lack of improvement in lipid profile were not sufficient to improve arterial stiffness in our study.…”

“…Metabolic risk parameters, which were insulin sensitivity and resistance measured in this study both significantly improved during the 9 months intervention. Several studies reported weight loss ranging from 7% to 10% were able to improve insulin sensitivity and resistance [7,[22][23][24]. In the current study, fasting insulin level, insulin sensitivity and resistance were improved after 9 months intervention despite a small weight loss of 2.9% with no significant changes seen in FPG and lipid profile.…”

“…Most previous reported studies on lifestyle modification were conducted with regimented dietary and exercise interventions for periods of less than six months [6][7][8][9]. In this study, we examined the effects of nine months education on lifestyle modification to reduce weight on waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body fat and visceral fat percentages, arterial stiffness, metabolic and inflammatory markers.…”

Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extracts on Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity in Streptozocin Induced Diabetic Rats

“…One of the manifestations of subclinical vascular disease is arterial stiffness, which represents a loss of compliance and elasticity within large arteries. 5) In diabetes, recent evidence indicates that increased arterial stiffness, involving accelerated vascular aging of the aorta, is a powerful risk factor for early mortality. Arterial wall stiffening is exacerbated in common carotid and femoral arteries by diabetes.…”

Aerobic physical exercise and arterial de-stiffening: a recipe for vascular rejuvenation?

“…The present study adds to a number of investigations, which have consistently shown a reduction in cfPWV over the short term, following different lifestyle interventions, including not only physical exercise [11][12][13][14][15][16] but also weight loss, smoking cessation and salt intake restriction [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] (Table 1).…”