Weedy adaptation in Setaria spp. IV. Changes in the germinative capacity of S. faberii (poaceae) embryos with development from anthesis to after abscission

Dekker, Jack; Dekker, Beatrix; Hilhorst, Henk W. M.; Karssen, C.M.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12794.x

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…component and the existence of intraspecific variability were reported in other panicoid grasses (Dekker et al, 1996;Gallart et al, 2008). In Panicum virgatum, it was suggested that dormancy at the caryopsis level is controlled by the caryopsis coat (pericarp/ testa complex) and even a slight disruption may cause an increase in germination, depending on the genotype (Duclos et al, 2013).…”

Section: Flavescensmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This effect of after-ripening recorded in both control and WOL seeds suggests that after-ripening affects both the caryopsis and the external covering structures. In previous works on other panicoid grasses such as Setaria faberii Herrm., it has been suggested that after-ripening affects seed dormancy at the caryopsis level (Dekker et al, 1996), rather than at the level of the lemma as suggested for P. notatum (West and Marousky, 1989). In most studied species, the effect of after-ripening on dormancy has been attributed to changes in gene expression related to ABA metabolism and ABA sensitivity, among other dormancy related genes (Iglesias-Fernández et al, 2011).…”

Section: Effect Of Dry Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential incidence of the lemma on seed germination among different Paspalum dilatatum genotypes

2017

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-Paspalum dilatatum Poir. is a promising perennial summer grass forage for temperate regions, but among other factors, slow stand establishment has hindered its adoption. One of the reasons may be seed dormancy. Intraspecific variability in seed dormancy has been reported in P. dilatatum, but the mechanisms underlying this variability remain unclear. In this paper, we focus on the role of seed external covering structures on germination, particularly the lemma. Seeds of apomictic and sexual biotypes of P. dilatatum were subjected to acid scarification and removal of the lemma to study their germination, imbibition rate and sensitivity to ABA. Seeds without lemma showed higher germination than other treatments in dormant genotypes. We found that the lemma delayed but did not prevent water uptake in any genotype. Comparing sexual biotypes, P. dilatatum subsp. flavescens showed higher lemma-imposed dormancy than P. dilatatum "Virasoro", and also higher seed dormancy at the caryopsis level. The thickness of the lemma was not different between these biotypes, so this trait did not explain differences in dormancy. Intraspecific variability of seed dormancy in this species may be attributable to the lemma incidence, however differences in the caryopsis component of seed dormancy should be considered.Index terms: perennial warm-season forage grasses, seed dormancy, seed covering structures, acid scarification.Impacto diferencial da lema sobre a germinação de sementes entre diferentes genótipos de Paspalum dilatatum RESUMO -Paspalum dilatatum Poir. é uma gramínea forrageira perene de regiões temperadas, mas sua utilização é limitada pelo seu estabelecimento lento, entre outros fatores. Uma razão pode ser a dormência das sementes. Tem sido relatada variabilidade intraespecífica da dormência em P. dilatatum, mas os mecanismos envolvidos nesta variabilidade não são claros. Neste trabalho estudamos o papel das coberturas externas sobre a germinação, particularmente da lema. Sementes de biótipos sexuais e apomíticos de P. dilatatum foram submetidos à escarificação ácida e remoção da lema para estudar a germinação, a taxa de embebição e a sensibilidade ao ABA. As sementes sem lema mostraram maior germinação que outros tratamentos em genótipos com dormência. Ainda, a lema retarda, mas não impede a entrada de água. Comparando genótipos sexuais, P. dilatatum subsp. flavescens apresentou uma maior dormência imposta pela lema que P. dilatatum "Virasoro", e também dormência mais elevada ao nível do cariopse. A espessura da lema não foi diferente entre estes genótipos, e portanto esta não explicou as diferenças na dormência. A variabilidade intraespecífica da dormência nesta gramínea panicóide pode ser atribuída às diferenças na incidência da lema. Contudo, diferenças na dormência ao nível da cariopse devem ser consideradas.Termos de indexação: gramínea forrageira perene estival, dormência das sementes, coberturas externas das sementes, escarificação ácida.

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Section: Flavescensmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Effect Of Dry Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Differential incidence of the lemma on seed germination among different Paspalum dilatatum genotypes

2017

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“…A dormência é influenciada por fatores genéticos e ambientais (MURDOCK e ELLIS, 1992). As sementes provenientes da mesma planta-mãe têm diferentes graus de dormência, dependendo das condições ambientais, época de desenvolvimento e posição da semente na inflorescência (DEKKER et al, 1996).…”

Section: Dispersão Germinação E Dormência Das Sementes De Plantas Daunclassified

Banco de sementes de plantas daninhas e herbicidas como fator de seleção

Monquero

Christoffoleti

2005

Bragantia

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RESUMOO banco de sementes representa um papel ecológico importante no suprimento de novos indivíduos para as comunidades vegetais. Nos agroecossistemas, o banco de sementes, normalmente constitui um sério problema à atividade agrícola, pois garante infestações de plantas daninhas por longo tempo, mesmo quando é impedida a entrada de novas sementes na área. O solo agrícola é um grande depósito de sementes, entretanto, a composição florística de um solo, em determinado momento, não representa o potencial real de infestação, já que certas espécies necessitam de condições especiais para a quebra de dormência e posterior germinação. Além disso, as sementes que estão na superfície do solo também estão sujeitas à predação, parasitismo e dispersão. Os diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo e das culturas influenciam decisivamente na germinação e composição florística de uma área e, portanto, no banco de sementes do solo. Devido à seletividade intra e interespecifica, o uso contínuo de herbicidas com o mesmo mecanismo de ação, pode ocasionar mudanças na composição da comunidade de plantas daninhas selecionando espécies tolerantes ou biótipos resistentes ao controle.Palavras-chave: dinâmica, germinação, herbicidas, seleção. ABSTRACT WEED SEED BANK AND HERBICIDES AS SELECTION FACTORThe seed bank plays a very important ecological role in supplying new individuals to plant communities. In agro-ecosystems, seed banks normally present a serious problem to agricultural activity, as they guarantee weed infestation for a long period of time, even when the entry of new weed seeds into the area is prevented. Agricultural soil is a large seed deposit; however, the floristic composition of a soil at a certain moment does not represent the real infestation potential, as certain species need special conditions to break dormancy and to germinate. Furthermore, the seeds that are at the surface of the soil are also subjected to predation, parasitism and to being dispersed. Different systems of soil and crop management decisively influence the germination and floristic composition of an area and therefore, the soil seed bank. Due to intra and inter-specific selectivity, the continuous use of herbicides with the same action mechanism, they can cause changes in the composition of the weed community, selecting tolerant species or resistant biotypes to control.

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“…Seeds collected fro m the sameccc location but at different seasonal times were treated as samples fro m d ifferent populations rather than repeated measures of the same population. The reason for this was that seed dormancy phenotypes developing early in the season differ fro m those developing later in the season due to the strong influence of photoperiod on dormancy induction (Dekker, 2004;Dekker et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setaria faberi Seed HeteroblastyBlueprints Seedling Recruitment: III. Seedling Recruitment Behavior

Jovaag¹,

Dekker²,

Atchison³

2012

PLANT

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Seedling recruitment of heterogeneous Setaria faberi seed entering the soil post-abscission is elucidated herein. This is the third in a series of three articles providing evidence that weedy Setaria seedling recruitment behavior is predicated on dormancy state heterogeneity at abscission (seed heteroblasty), as modulated by environmental signals. Complex oscillating patterns of seedling emergence were observed during the first half of the growing season in all 503 soil burial cores of the 39 populations studied. These patterns were attributed to six distinct dormancy phenotype cohorts arising from inherent somatic polymorphism in seed dormancy states (canalized phenotypes). Early season cohorts were formalized using a mixture model consisting of four normal distributions. Two, numerically low, late season cohorts were also observed. Variation in emergence patterns among Setariapopulations revealed a fine scale adaptation to local conditions. Seedling recruitment patterns were influenced by both parental-genotypic (time of embryogenesis) and environmental (year, common nursery location, seed age in the soil) parameters. The influence of seed heteroblasty on recruitment behavior was apparent in that S. faberipopulations with higher dormancy at the time of dispersal had lower emergence numbers the following spring, and in many instances occurred later, compared to those less dormant. Heteroblasty was thus the first determinant of behavior, most apparent in recruitment number, less so in pattern. Environment modulated seedling numbers, but more strongly influenced pattern. The resulting pattern of emergence revealed the actual "hedge-bet" structure forSetaria seedling recruitment investment, its realized niche, an adaptation to the predictable mortality risks caused by agricultural production and interactions with neighbors. These complex patterns in seedling recruitment behavior support the conjecture that the inherent dormancy capacities of S. faberi seeds provides a germinability 'memory' of successful historical exploitation of local opportunity, the inherent starting condition that interacts in both a deterministic and plastic manner with environmental signals to define the consequential heterogeneous life history trajectories. This is the third in a series of three articles providing evidence that weedy Setaria seedling recruit ment behavior is predicated on dormancy state heterogeneity at abscission (seed heteroblasty), as modulated by environmental signals. Co mple x oscillating patterns of seedling emergence were observed during the first half of the growing season in all 503 soil burial cores of the 39 populations studied. These patterns were attributed to six distinct dormancy phenotype cohorts arising fro m inherent somatic poly morphis m in seed dormancy states (canalized phenotypes). Early season cohorts were formalized using a mixtu re model consisting of four normal distributions. Two, numerically low, late season cohorts were also observed. Variation in emergence patterns among Setaria popu...

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Weedy adaptation in Setaria spp. IV. Changes in the germinative capacity of S. faberii (poaceae) embryos with development from anthesis to after abscission

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Differential incidence of the lemma on seed germination among different Paspalum dilatatum genotypes

Differential incidence of the lemma on seed germination among different Paspalum dilatatum genotypes

Banco de sementes de plantas daninhas e herbicidas como fator de seleção

<i>Setaria</i> <i>faberi</i> Seed HeteroblastyBlueprints Seedling Recruitment: III. Seedling Recruitment Behavior

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