Wearable flexible sweat sensors for healthcare monitoring: a review

Abstract

The state-of-the-art in wearable flexible sensors (WFSs) for sweat analyte detection was investigated. Recent advances show the development of integrated, mechanically flexible and multiplexed sensor systems with on-site circuitry for signal processing and wireless data transmission. When compared with single-analyte sensors, such devices provide an opportunity to more accurately analyse analytes that are dependent on other parameters (such as sweat rate and pH) by improving calibration from in situ real-time analysis, while maintaining a lightweight and wearable design. Important health conditions can be monitored and on-demand regulating drugs can be delivered using integrated wearable systems but require correlation verification between sweat and blood measurements using in vivo validation tests before any clinical application can be considered. Improvements are necessary for device sensitivity, accuracy and repeatability to provide more reliable and personalized continuous measurements. With rapid recent development, it can be concluded that non-invasive WFSs for sweat analysis have only skimmed the surface of their health monitoring potential and further significant advancement is sure to be made in the medical field.

Stress Monitoring and Recent Advancements in Wearable Biosensors

“…Development and investigation of wearable sweat sensors has increased 10-fold in recent years. While the clinical relevance of biomarkers in sweat holds great potential, research is striving to determine the relevance for health monitoring ( Chung et al, 2019 ). Devices being developed for cortisol analysis are validated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an assay that uses antibodies coupled with an enzyme-mediated color change for colorimetric detection of an antigen.…”

An Autonomous Alarm System for Personal Safety Assurance of Intimate Partner Violence Survivors Based on Passive Continuous Monitoring through Biosensors

“…Considerable research into ways to continuously monitor perspiration has been carried out, given that it is a symptom common to many diseases and conditions [54]. Researchers have investigated both sweat flux and the presence of anomalies; however, despite promising studies [55], no continuous perspiration monitoring solution has yet advanced beyond prototype stage.…”

2D and 3D electrospinning technologies for the fabrication of nanofibrous scaffolds for skin tissue engineering: A review

“…At present, nanostructured materials have attracted considerable attention due to the unique properties that arise from their size‐dependent structural behavior, making them of interest in the fields of tissue engineering (TE), drug delivery (Cleeton, Keirouz, Chen, & Radacsi, ), sensing (Chung, Fortunato, & Radacsi, ), energy (Radacsi, Campos, Chisholm, & Giapis, ), and more. Among the available nanostructured materials, engineered nanofibers (NFs) carry a range of novel physical and chemical properties that overcome many limitations present in their corresponding macroscales.…”