Ways Toward the Clean Heavy-Duty Diesel

Exhaust emissions from light- and heavy-duty vehicles: chemical composition, impact of exhaust after treatment, and fuel parameters.

“…Mean emission factors levels obtained in the U.S. FTP-72 driving cycle using different light-duty passenger vehicle fuel/ engine concepts: lead free, 15% methanol (V1); lead free, 15% and three-way catalyst X-sond (V2); and 95% methanol and catalyst without feedback control (V3) (34 sion levels from a well functioning diesel engine are usually low if compared to the standards. Specific components in the exhaust, such as PAC, light aromatics, aldehydes, etc., can be efficiently reduced with a catalytic converter (39). Catalysts coated with precious metals (platinum, palladium, rhodium, and silver) are effective in oxidizing CO and gaseous HC, particulate soluble organic fraction (SOF), and other components, such as aldehydes, ketones, etc., but are not efficient in oxidizing the soot emissions (40).…”

Determination of Particulate and Unburned Hydrocarbon Emissions from Diesel Engines Fueled with Biodiesel

“…The results of chemical kinetics calculations show that NO* emissions are a strong function of burning temperature, oxygen concentration in the combustion zone, and time duration. The highest concentration of NO is obtained for slightly lean mixtures and rapid combustion [15,16], Diesel engine NO* emissions are also dependent on other factors, such as fuel properties (particularly the cetane number) [17,18,19,20,21], fuel injection system (fiiel injection timing and rate) [15,16,21], and degree of exhaust gas recirculation [15,16,22].…”

The Economic Effect of Using Biological Diesel Oil on Railway Transport

“…Studies carried out by the Austrian company AVL LIST and the Swedish company MTC (Zelenka et al 1990;Kerstin 1999) demonstrate that the content of particulate matter (PM) in oxides is proportionate to the sulphur content in fuel. After increasing the sulphur content by 0.1 mass %, PM emission increases by 0.027 g /kWh).…”