Determination of Particulate and Unburned Hydrocarbon Emissions from Diesel Engines Fueled with Biodiesel

Chang, David Y.; Gerpen, Jon H. Van

doi:10.4271/982527

Cited by 63 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Even though the CN for RME is slightly higher than for EDF, combustion properties are reported to be poor at low load conditions [1,5,12]. This is due to the composition of RME.…”

Section: Distillation Curvementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Aldehydes and ketones are reported to be on the same level as for standard Diesel fuels. [1,6] • In addition, the mutagenicity of RME emissions is low compared to fossil fuels indicating a reduced health risk from cancer which is related to the extremely low sulphur content of RME [10]. Low exhaust gas sulphur content reduces moreover catalyst wear due to sulphate formation [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1,6] • In addition, the mutagenicity of RME emissions is low compared to fossil fuels indicating a reduced health risk from cancer which is related to the extremely low sulphur content of RME [10]. Low exhaust gas sulphur content reduces moreover catalyst wear due to sulphate formation [1,2]. New conventional Diesel fuels (DF) provide also low sulphur contents (Euro-DF <50 ppm, City-DF <10 ppm) and are most likely on their way to match the sulphur content of RME (<5 ppm) [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detailed Heat Release Analyses with Regard to Combustion of RME and Oxygenated Fuels in an HSDI Diesel Engine

Horn¹,

Egnell²,

Johansson³

et al. 2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Experiments on a modern DI Diesel engine were carried out: The engine was fuelled with standard Diesel fuel, RME and a mixture of 85% standard Diesel fuel, 5% RME and 10% higher alcohols under low load conditions (4 bar IMEP).During these experiments, different external EGR levels were applied while the injection timing was chosen in a way to keep the location of 50% heat release constant.Emission analysis results were in accordance with widely known correlations: Increasing EGR rates lowered NOx emissions. This is explained by a decrease of global air-fuel ratio entailing longer ignition delay. Local gas-fuel ratio increases during ignition delay and local combustion temperature is lowered. Exhaust gas analysis indicated further a strong increase of CO, PM and unburned HC emissions at high EGR levels. This resulted in lower combustion efficiency. PM emissions however, decreased above 50% EGR which was also in accordance with previously reported results.Besides those similar trends, fuel dependent differences in indicated thermal efficiency as well as CO, HC, NOx and especially PM emissions were observed. These differences were evaluated by detailed heat release analysis and explanation models based upon fuel characteristics as fuel viscosity and fuel distillation curve.Fuel spray evaporation and heat release were influenced by these fuel characteristics. Due to these characteristics it was concluded that RME has a higher tendency to form fuel rich zones at low load conditions than the other tested fuel types.Moreover it was found that improved fuel spray vaporisation is an option to improve exhaust emissions at low load conditions.

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“…Even though the CN for RME is slightly higher than for EDF, combustion properties are reported to be poor at low load conditions [1,5,12]. This is due to the composition of RME.…”

Section: Distillation Curvementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detailed Heat Release Analyses with Regard to Combustion of RME and Oxygenated Fuels in an HSDI Diesel Engine

Horn¹,

Egnell²,

Johansson³

et al. 2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…However, in terms of mass fraction, biodiesel particles contain 32.2% volatile substances which is larger than 13.8 and 23.0% for ULSD and LSD particles, respectively. Chang et al (1998) suggested that due to its lower volatility (higher boiling point), unburned biodiesel fuel should be more likely to condense and adsorb on the soot particles, leading to higher volatile fraction on these particles. Ballesteros et al (2008) attributed the higher volatile fraction in biodiesel particles to their higher surface/volume ratio.…”

Section: Mass-based Investigation Of Particle Volatilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel on the Particulate Emissions and Particle Volatility of a DI Diesel Engine

Tian

Cheung

Huang

2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The effect of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil on the particulate emissions of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine was investigated experimentally and the results were compared with two diesel fuels, namely, an ultra low sulfur diesel fuel with less than 10-ppm-wt of sulfur (ULSD) and a low sulfur diesel fuel with 400-ppm-wt of sulfur (LSD). For each fuel, the number and mass based particle emissions, as well as the particle volatility, were evaluated and compared. The particulate mass emissions were measured with a tapered element oscillating balance (TEOM) and further divided into different size bins using a micro-orifice uniform deposition impactor (MOUDI). The particle number concentration and size distribution were measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The size-segregated samples collected with the MOUDI were further analyzed with a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) to obtain the mass of volatile substances in each size bin. The SMPS was further connected in series with a thermodenuder (TD) to obtain the number concentration and size distribution of non-volatile particles, and hence the number concentration and size distribution of the volatile particles. The results indicate that the biodiesel could effectively reduce the particle mass and number concentrations, including the volatile substances, in all the measured size range, compared with LSD. Compared with ULSD, there is also a reduction in the particle mass and number concentrations, however, a higher concentration of volatile substances was found with the use of biodiesel, which should be a concern in the application of this fuel.

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“…Firstly, there is a reduction of diesel fuel burned with an increase of fumigation methanol. Diesel fuel contains aromatics, which is a soot precursor, while methanol does not contain aromatics (Chang and Gerpen 1998;Lapuerta et al 2008). Secondly, the reduction of diesel fuel consumption also means less diesel fuel burning in the diffusion mode and hence a reduction in soot formation.…”

Section: Smoke Opacity and Particulate Mass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Particulate Emissions of a Methanol Fumigated Diesel Engine Equipped with Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

Zhang

Cheung

Chan

et al. 2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

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In this article, the effects of fumigation methanol, diesel oxidation catalyst, and engine operation parameters (engine load and engine speed) on diesel smoke opacity, particulate mass concentration, particulate number concentration and the soluble organic fraction (SOF) in the particulate were investigated at certain selected operation conditions. Experiments were performed on a 4-cylinder direct injection diesel engine operating at three engine speeds and three loads for each engine speed. For each engine speed, there was a decrease of smoke opacity with increase in the level of fumigation methanol. The reduction was particularly obvious at the high engine load but was not significant at the low and medium engine loads. For all test conditions, fumigation methanol could effectively reduce the particulate mass and number concentrations. However, fumigation methanol increased the fraction of SOF in the particles. The DOC could further reduce the particulate mass and number concentrations as well as the fraction of SOF in the particles when the exhaust gas temperature was sufficiently high.

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Determination of Particulate and Unburned Hydrocarbon Emissions from Diesel Engines Fueled with Biodiesel

Cited by 63 publications

References 73 publications

Detailed Heat Release Analyses with Regard to Combustion of RME and Oxygenated Fuels in an HSDI Diesel Engine

Detailed Heat Release Analyses with Regard to Combustion of RME and Oxygenated Fuels in an HSDI Diesel Engine

Influence of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel on the Particulate Emissions and Particle Volatility of a DI Diesel Engine

Experimental Study on Particulate Emissions of a Methanol Fumigated Diesel Engine Equipped with Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

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