Waveguide-coupled AlGaAs/GaAs microcavity ring and disk resonators with high finesse and 216-nm free spectral range

Rafizadeh, D.; Zhang, J. P.; Hagness, Susan C.; Taflove, Allen; Stair, K. A.; Ho, Seng-Tiong; Tiberio, R. C.

doi:10.1364/ol.22.001244

Cited by 222 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Planar integration of WGMRs with waveguides is deemed to be the most practical approach [184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192]. For example, strip-line pedestal antiresonant reflecting waveguides have been utilized for robust coupling to microsphere resonators as well as to photonic circuits [193][194][195][196].…”

Section: Coupling Loss and Quality Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear and Quantum Optics with Whispering Gallery Resonators

Strekalov

2015

Cleo: 2015

114

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Optical whispering gallery modes (WGMs) derive their name from a famous acoustic phenomenon of guiding a wave by a curved boundary observed nearly a century ago. This phenomenon has a rather general nature, equally applicable to sound and all other waves. It enables resonators of unique properties attractive both in science and engineering. Very high quality factors of optical WGM resonators persisting in a wide wavelength range spanning from radio frequencies to ultraviolet light, their small mode volume, and tunable in-and out-coupling make them exceptionally efficient for nonlinear optical applications. Nonlinear optics facilitates interaction of photons with each other and with other physical systems, and is of prime importance in quantum optics. In this paper we review numerous applications of WGM resonators in nonlinear and quantum optics. We outline the current areas of interest, summarize progress, highlight difficulties, and discuss possible future development trends in these areas.

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Section: Coupling Loss and Quality Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear and Quantum Optics with Whispering Gallery Resonators

Strekalov

2015

Cleo: 2015

114

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“…6,7 Such resonators can be designed as notch filters for adding or dropping individual channels in the telecommunication bands and can be densely integrated in photonic networks. For reconfigurable DWDM systems, and to compensate for temperature changes, it is desirable to tune the precise channel frequency dropped by such resonator add/drop multiplexers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrically tunable ring resonators incorporating nematic liquid crystals as cladding layers

Maune

Lawson

Gunn³

et al. 2003

Applied Physics Letters

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We have demonstrated electrical tuning in ring resonators fabricated from silicon-on-insulator wafers by incorporating nematic liquid crystals ͑NLCs͒ as the waveguide top and side cladding material. Photolithographically defined electrodes aligned around the ring resonator were used to control the orientation of the NLCs to modulate the cladding refractive index and, hence, the resonant wavelengths of the ring resonator. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.1630370͔Microring resonators, fabricated with conventional semiconductor processing methods in silicon, offer significant advantages over the existing telecommunication filter technology and may be the foundation of future dense-wavelengthdivision-multiplexing ͑DWDM͒ filters. 1-5The high refractive index ͑RI͒ contrast available in silicon-oninsulator ͑SOI͒ ring resonators enables low loss and high-Q filters fabricated with radii down to a few microns.6,7 Such resonators can be designed as notch filters for adding or dropping individual channels in the telecommunication bands and can be densely integrated in photonic networks. For reconfigurable DWDM systems, and to compensate for temperature changes, it is desirable to tune the precise channel frequency dropped by such resonator add/drop multiplexers.Two primary methods exist to control the optical path length of a ring resonator and thus tune its resonant frequency. To statically tune a ring resonator one can either adjust the physical dimensions ͑in particular its circumference͒ or the refractive indices of the constituent materials of the resonator. Dynamically tunable resonators provide another level of functionality over statically tuned resonators and are most practically obtained by controlling the refractive indices of the constituent materials. Dynamic tuning is commonly achieved by thermally changing the RI, traditionally by introducing a heater close to the resonator. 8 However, power dissipation may provide a serious problem in such tunable ring resonator designs, especially when many resonators have to be integrated in a DWDM multiplexing system. In this letter we demonstrate the dynamic tuning of a ring resonator by changing the RI of its cladding via the orientation of the nematic liquid crystals ͑NLC͒.The resonator system under study, as shown in Fig. 1, was fabricated from a SOI wafer with silicon thickness of 205 nm and oxide thickness of 1 m, ring radius of 5 m, and ring and waveguide widths of 500 nm. The resonator was coupled to one waveguide, which served as both the input and output port and was separated from the resonator by a 100 nm gap. Modulation electrodes were then photolithographically defined and deposited using standard lift-off processing. The left and right electrodes were approximately 4.0 m wide and were spaced about 400 and 300 nm from the resonator, respectively ͑Fig. 1͒. The modulation electrodes were designed to preferentially orient the directors of the NLC molecules parallel ͑azimuthally oriented͒ to the resonator. To minimize their electrostatic ene...

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“…[12]. The wafer structure with a 0.4pm -thick InGaAsP ( 2 g = 1.2 4 urm) guiding layer is grown on an InP substrate by molecular-beam epitaxy [ Figure 9(left)].…”

Section: Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%