We present a fiber based source of polarization-entangled photon pairs that is well suited for quantum communication applications in the 1550 nm band of standard fiber-optic telecommunications. Polarization entanglement is created by pumping a nonlinear-fiber Sagnac interferometer with two time-delayed orthogonally-polarized pump pulses and subsequently removing the time distinguishability by passing the parametrically scattered signal and idler photon pairs through a piece of birefringent fiber. Coincidence detection of the signal and idler photons yields biphoton interference with visibility greater than 90%, while no interference is observed in direct detection of either the signal or the idler photons. All four Bell states can be prepared with our setup and we demonstrate violations of the CHSH form of Bell's inequality by up to 10 standard deviations of measurement uncertainty.
Abstract-In this letter, we present a source of quantum-correlated photon pairs based on parametric fluorescence in a fiber Sagnac loop. The photon pairs are generated in the 1550-nm fiber-optic communication band and detected with InGaAs-InP avalanche photodiodes operating in a gated Geiger mode. A generation rate 10 3 pairs/s is observed, which is limited by the detection electronics at present. We also demonstrate the nonclassical nature of the photon correlations in the pairs. This source, given its spectral properties and robustness, is well suited for use in fiber-optic quantum communication and cryptography networks.Index Terms-Fiber four-wave mixing, parametric amplifiers, photon counting, quantum communication, quantum cryptography. EFFICIENT generation and transmission of quantum-correlated photon pairs, especially in the 1550-nm fiber-optic communication band, is of paramount importance for practical realization of the quantum communication and cryptography protocols [1]. The workhorse source employed in all implementations, thus far [2] has been based on the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in second-order [ ] nonlinear crystals. Such a source, however, is not compatible with optical fibers as large coupling losses occur when the pairs are launched into the fiber. This severely degrades the correlated photon-pair rate coupled into the fiber, since the rate depends quadratically on the coupling efficiency. From a practical standpoint, it would be advantageous if a photon-pair source could be developed that not only produces photons in the communication band but also can be spliced to standard telecommunication fibers with high efficiency. Over the past few years, various attempts have been made to develop more efficient photon-pair sources, but all have relied on the down-conversion process [3]- [6]. Of particular note is [4], in which the effective of periodically poled silica fibers was used. In this letter, we report the first, to the best of our knowledge, photon-pair source that is based on the Kerr nonlinearity ( ) of standard fiber. Quantum-correlated photon pairs are observed and characterized in the parametric fluorescence of four-wave mixing (FWM) in dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF).The FWM process takes place in a nonlinear-fiber Sagnac interferometer (NFSI), shown schematically in Fig. 1. Previ- ously, we have used this NFSI to generate quantum-correlated twin beams in the fiber [7]. The NFSI consists of a fused-silica 50/50 fiber coupler spliced to 300 m of DSF having zero-dispersion wavelength nm. It can be set as a reflector with proper adjustment of the intraloop FPC to yield a transmission coefficient 30 dB. When the injected pump wavelength is slightly greater than , FWM in the DSF is phase matched [8]. Two pump photons of frequency scatter into a signal photon and an idler photon of frequencies and , respectively, where . Signal-idler separations of 20 nm can be easily obtained with use of commercial DSF [7]. The pump is a mode-locked train of 3-ps-long pulses that a...
An experimental scheme is proposed by which the quantum states of two light beams of different frequencies can be interchanged. With this scheme it is possible to generate frequency-tunable squeezed light for spectroscopic applications.
Quantum frequency conversion, a process with which an input beam of light can be converted into an output beam of a different frequency while preserving the quantum state, is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. Nonclassical intensity correlation (=3 dB) between two beams at 1064 nm is used as the input quantum property. When the frequency of one of the beams is converted from 1064 to 532 nm, nonclassical intensity correlations (=1.5 dB) appear between the up-converted beam and the remaining beam. Our measurements are in excellent agreement with the quantum theory of frequency conversion. The development of tunable sources of novel quantum light states seems possible. PACS numbers: 42.50.Lc, 42.50.Dv, 42.65.Ky Many novel quantum states of light, such as squeezed and twin-beam states, have recently been demonstrated
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