Wave of peace? Tsunami disaster diplomacy in Aceh, Indonesia

Gaillard, Jean‐Christophe; Clavé, Elsa; Kelman, Ilan

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.10.010

Cited by 107 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Building on ripeness theory, Kreutz (2012) found an increased likelihood of ceasefires following natural disasters. The most known example of a natural disaster that led to a peace agreement is the case of the civil conflict in the region of Aceh in Indonesia following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami (Gaillard, Clavé, & Kelman, 2008).…”

Section: Triggers Of Adaptive Governance 31 External Shocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive governance in the developing world: disaster risk reduction in the State of Odisha, India

Walch

2018

Climate and Development

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Under what conditions do governments turn to adaptive governance systems? This paper explores a success case of adaptive governance in a non-western country and tries to understand what factors lead to the adoption of this type of governance. Adaptive governance is considered most efficient to address the many challenges of climate change and natural disasters because it embraces uncertainty by focusing on collaboration, flexibility and learning. Yet, the concept remains underdeveloped and the conditions under which governments decide to embrace adaptive governance are not clear. The paper argues that two main factors are crucial for governments to turn to adaptive governance. First, a traumatic shock is likely to stimulate a reconsideration of the manner in which governance is thought and applied. The shock by involving considerable economic and human cost creates a momentum for governance rethinking. Second, a committed political leadership is essential to make use of that momentum to reform previous governance practices to create a more resilient system. These arguments are explored in the case of Odisha, an Indian state that was able to adopt adaptive governance and that became a successful example of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.

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Section: Triggers Of Adaptive Governance 31 External Shocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive governance in the developing world: disaster risk reduction in the State of Odisha, India

Walch

2018

Climate and Development

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“…6 More traditional diplomats counter by asserting that disaster diplomacy requires intervention that leads to cooperation between factional or warring parties through formalized diplomatic relations. 7 ' 8 In this context, disaster diplomacy is framed within the conventional definition of diplomacy, which refers to the management of international relations through official interaction between governmental representatives. 9 In truth, the dynamic nature of disaster diplomacy likely encompasses both perspectives.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disaster Diplomacy: Current Controversies and Future Prospects

Yim

Callaway

Fares

et al. 2009

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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Globalization, population migration, climate change, and the explosion of low-intensity conflicts throughout the world have created an increasingly complex environment for humanitarian aid and international relations. Concurrently, the global community has witnessed unprecedented levels of philanthropy and humanitarian assistance in response to large-scale disasters.4 ' 5 Disasters due to natural hazards in Aceh, Pakistan, and Yogyarta have highlighted the role of humanitarian assistance in serving devastated populations, while conflicts in Darfur and Gaza have attracted significant concern for the world's most vulnerable populations caught in political disarray. These intersecting trends have exhibited the potential role of humanitarian assistance in improving international relations and have served as the backdrop for the emergence of the controversial role of disaster diplomacy.Advocates of disaster diplomacy highlight its role in facilitating cooperation and dialogue. Opponents, however, assert that disaster diplomacy violates the humanitarian principle of neutrality by politicizing disaster response. Complicating this debate are a number of ambiguities regarding the specifications of this maturing field. In particular, disaster diplomacy lacks a formal definition of principles, metrics of success, a strategy for integration into formal diplomatic efforts, and a dedicated training program for humanitarian agents planning to engage in this form of diplomacy. This begins to address these lingering issues, offering suggestions for the development of this interesting concept.Disaster diplomacy is an evolving concept that broadly considers both the strategies for effective humanitarian action as well as the political consequences of those actions. However, the concept of disaster diplomacy has been cited inconsistently, illustrating an ambiguity that remains with regards to its operational definition. To most practitioners, disaster diplomacy is "concerned with the extent to which disaster-related activities-prevention, mitigation, response, and recovery-induce cooperation between enemy parties, nationally or internationally." 6 More traditional diplomats counter by asserting that disaster diplomacy requires intervention that leads to cooperation between factional or warring parties through formalized diplomatic relations.7 ' 8 In this context, disaster diplomacy is framed within the conventional definition of diplomacy, which refers to the management of international relations through official interaction between governmental representatives. 9In truth, the dynamic nature of disaster diplomacy likely encompasses both perspectives. Nonetheless, these inconsistencies create important challenges and must be reconciled in order to craft an operational paradigm that allows for consistent application and further evolution of disaster diplomacy.Humanitarian medical operations have been particularly useful in demonstrating the general framework of disaster diplomacy, while also introducing the unresolved questions that ...

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“…The evidence available from studying Aceh following the 2004 Asian tsunami suggests that interstate and intra-state disaster diplomacies are similar, irrespective of the players involved, and that disaster diplomacy is similarly limited in resolving decades-long conflicts and achieving peace (Gaillard et al 2008). …”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disaster assistance: determinants of countries around the world contributing towards disaster donations

Wei

Zhao

2014

IJEM

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The paper discusses the foreign responses after the three most devastating natural catastrophes of this century affecting individual countries, namely Hurricane Katrina in US, the Wenchuan Earthquake in China and the Haiti Earthquake. A two-staged process is used to analyse disaster aid decisions. The results from the cluster analysis show that out of 194 countries around the world, 35 were preferentially US-oriented, 47 Haiti-oriented, 33 China-oriented, 33 did not have any explicit orientation and 32 did not extend any assistance. The results from the analysis confirm the existent evidence of geographies of generosity which shows geopolitical orientation with the North American countries more likely to donate to US and the Asian countries to China. Haiti however did not have any particular appeal to the North American continent. The countries which are seen to implement a pure humanitarian approach to disaster aid have higher per capita GDP and general government consumption expenditure which means that foreign assistance depends on the state of the economy and larger public sector. A country with a higher human development index (HDI) is also more likely to grant donation. After a detailed examination of the motives behind international relief, the paper puts forward the need for a Global Information Network (GIN) that can assist in coordinating disaster activities, making them more transparent and improve the channels of communication.

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Wave of peace? Tsunami disaster diplomacy in Aceh, Indonesia

Cited by 107 publications

References 31 publications

Adaptive governance in the developing world: disaster risk reduction in the State of Odisha, India

Adaptive governance in the developing world: disaster risk reduction in the State of Odisha, India

Disaster Diplomacy: Current Controversies and Future Prospects

Disaster assistance: determinants of countries around the world contributing towards disaster donations

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