Water Treatment Residuals in Bioretention Planters to Reduce Phosphorus Levels in Stormwater

Poor, Cara; Conkle, Katherine; MacDonald, Anne; Duncan, K.

doi:10.1089/ees.2018.0254

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Changes to the soil mix may help reduce PO 4 3− and TP soil water concentrations. These may include reducing or replacing the compost with another carbon source such as shredded bark or wood fiber mulch as has been done in many municipalities [37][38][39], or adding amendments to sequester phosphorus such as WTRs, iron filings, or fly ash [26,34,40]. This is particularly important for systems that have an underdrain discharging to sensitive receiving waters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphate concentrations at GSI sites were much higher than stormwater concentrations from the NSQD (on the order of 25-65x higher), indicating there is an export of PO 4 3− from these systems. High phosphorus concentrations from GSI systems have been observed in many other studies in the northwest as a result of leaching of phosphorus from the compost in the soil mix [8,[18][19][20]34,35]. Due to the relatively high PO 4 3− concentrations in all of the GSI systems, it is likely that the GSI systems on the University of Portland campus are exporting PO 4 3− due to the compost in the soil mix.…”

Section: Phosphatementioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of Green Stormwater Infrastructure Age and Type on Water Quality

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) has become increasingly common to mitigate urban stormwater runoff. However, there is limited research on the impact of age and type of GSI. This study evaluated nutrient and metals concentrations in the soil water of five different GSI systems located at the University of Portland in Portland, Oregon. The GSI systems included a bioretention curb extension (part of Portland’s Green Street project), a bioretention basin, a bioretention planter, an infiltration basin, and a bioswale ranging in age from 2 to 11 years. Samples were taken from each system during rain events over a 10-month period and analyzed for copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), phosphate (PO43−), and total phosphorus (TP). Copper and zinc concentrations were found to be impacted by GSI age, with lower concentrations in older systems. The same trend was not found with PO43− and TP, where almost all GSI systems had soil water concentrations much higher than average stormwater concentrations. Age likely played a role in phosphorus soil water concentrations, but other factors such as sources had a stronger influence. Phosphorus is likely coming from the compost in the soil mix in addition to other sources in runoff. This study shows that GSI systems can be effective for copper and zinc, but changes to the soil mix design are needed to reduce high levels of PO43− and TP in soil water.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phosphatementioning

confidence: 94%

Impact of Green Stormwater Infrastructure Age and Type on Water Quality

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Results indicate that these high levels of phosphate removal are possible for up to 20 years or more. Poor et al (2019) found that WTRs were more effective when included in a bioretention system as a layer placed below a compost layer and above a sand layer as compared to when all bioretention media components are thoroughly mixed. Typically, however, the WTRs are mixed with the media.…”

Section: Water Treatment Residualsmentioning

confidence: 98%

US version of water-wise cities: Low impact development

Weiss

Gulliver

Ebrahimian

2021

Water-Wise Cities and Sustainable Water Systems: Concepts, Technologies, and Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The population of the United States has continually increased and has become vastly more urbanized. The US population rose from 5.3 million people in 1800 to 76 million in 1900, to over 248 million in 2000, and in 2019 it was approximately 329 million people. Over this time period the population has also shifted from primarily rural to primarily urban. In 1800 approximately 5% of Americans lived in urban areas (defined as populations over 2500 for that time) but, due in large part to industrialization, that value increased to approximately 35% in 1900 and now, in 2019, approximately 80% of Americans live in urban areas, which is currently defined as having a population of 50,000 or more. With the increase in population and urbanization have come added stresses on the environment. These stresses include large amounts of wastewater generated from relatively small land areas, increased stormwater runoff volumes due to an increase in impervious land surfaces, and a degradation in the water quality of stormwater runoff. The water quality of stormwater runoff is degraded due to human activities such as widespread automobile use, erection of buildings, and increased fertilizer use. Automobiles generate pollution through tire wear, rusting

show abstract

“…The manner in which P-sorbing materials are incorporated into bioretention media may significantly impact both system hydraulics and P removal. Studies investigating P-sorbing materials in bioretention have applied them as solid layers within the media profile , and mixed them with the other media constituents. ,− Solid layers of P-sorbing materials may restrict water flow because their hydraulic conductivity tends to be lower than that of sand. , Mixed layers of P-sorbing materials may mitigate their hydraulic impacts but reduce their P removal efficiency . Mechanistic knowledge of how amendment layering strategies influence trade-offs between hydraulic conductivity and P removal is essential for the design of bioretention media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balancing Hydraulic Control and Phosphorus Removal in Bioretention Media Amended with Drinking Water Treatment Residuals

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Green stormwater infrastructure such as bioretention can reduce stormwater runoff volumes and trap sediments and pollutants. However, bioretention soil media can have limited capacity to retain phosphorus (P) or even be a P source, necessitating addition of P-sorbing materials. We investigated the potential trade-off between P removal by drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs) and hydraulic conductivity to inform the design of bioretention media. Batch isotherm and flow-through column experiments showed that P removal varied greatly among three DWTRs and across methodologies, which has implications for design requirements. We also conducted a large column experiment to determine the hydraulic and P removal effects of amending bioretention media with solid and mixed layers of DWTRs. When DWTRs were applied to bioretention media, their impact on hydraulic conductivity and P removal depended on the layering strategy. Although DWTR addition in solid and mixed layer designs improved P removal, the solid layer restricted water flow and exhibited incomplete P removal, while the mixed layer had no effect on flow and removed nearly 100% of P inputs. We recommend that DWTRs be mixed with sand in bioretention media to simultaneously achieve stormwater drainage and P reduction goals.

show abstract

Water Treatment Residuals in Bioretention Planters to Reduce Phosphorus Levels in Stormwater

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Impact of Green Stormwater Infrastructure Age and Type on Water Quality

Impact of Green Stormwater Infrastructure Age and Type on Water Quality

US version of water-wise cities: Low impact development

Balancing Hydraulic Control and Phosphorus Removal in Bioretention Media Amended with Drinking Water Treatment Residuals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About