Water-Soluble Cellulose Derivatives Are Sustainable Additives for Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Mineralization

Abstract

Abstract:The effect of cellulose-based polyelectrolytes on biomimetic calcium phosphate mineralization is described. Three cellulose derivatives, a polyanion, a polycation, and a polyzwitterion were used as additives. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopy show that, depending on the composition of the starting solution, hydroxyapatite or brushite precipitates form. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy also show that significant amounts of nitrate ions are incorporated in the precipitates. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy shows that the Ca/P ratio varies throughout the samples and resembles that of other bioinspired calcium phosphate hybrid materials. Elemental analysis shows that the carbon (i.e., polymer) contents reach 10% in some samples, clearly illustrating the formation of a true hybrid material. Overall, the data indicate that a higher polymer concentration in the reaction mixture favors the formation of polymer-enriched materials, while lower polymer concentrations or high precursor concentrations favor the formation of products that are closely related to the control samples precipitated in the absence of polymer. The results thus highlight the potential of (water-soluble) cellulose derivatives for the synthesis and design of bioinspired and bio-based hybrid materials.

EDTA and NTA Effectively Tune the Mineralization of Calcium Phosphate from Bulk Aqueous Solution

“…Higher additive concentrations and higher pH lead to large, rather compact blocks consisting of small, densely packed nanoparticles, which is consistent with the literature [80]. It also matches the XRD data just discussed: the plate, rounded plate, and rod morphologies observed by SEM correlate with the appearance of DCPD signals in the XRD and IR data.…”

“…Rather than rods, EDTA favors the formation of rounded DCPD plates with a reasonably narrow diameter distribution. Overall, both additives are therefore simple tools to tune the morphology from conventional DCPD plates [36,48,49,60,63,68,79,80] to potentially more useful shapes; especially the rods lend themselves to application in biomaterials as they may provide access to DCPD-based composites with interesting properties, e.g., mechanical properties.…”

Calcium phosphate incorporated in silk fibroin/methylcellulose based injectable hydrogel: Preparation, characterization, and in vitro biological evaluation for bone defect treatment

“…In acidic solutions (pH <6), dicalcium phosphate anhydrate or monetite (DCPA) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate or brushite (DCPD) are preferred, whereas hydroxyapatite (HAP) is dominant in alkaline environments. As expected, CAPs synthesized at pH 5.24 exhibited DCPD absorption peak associating F I G U R E 2 Representative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the blank SF/MC, CAPs-MC, and CAPs-SF/MC hydrogels.with HPO P O stretching vibration at 1202, 1120, 1048, 980, and 866 cm À1 , and P-O-P bending vibrations at 604, 574, and 514 cm À1 [52][53][54][55][56][57]. Unfortunately, the absorption peak of CAPs in both CAPs-hydrogels were overshadowed by the MC and SF/MC matrix.…”

“…showed absorption bands at 1628 cm À1 (C O stretching), 1042 cm À1 (C O C stretching), and 940 cm À1 ( OCH 3 stretching). 33,50 Interestingly, the SF conformation in blended SF/MC hydrogel showed a blue 3 ), [53][54][55] and DCPA (at 2θ of 13.1 , 26.4 , and 31.7 ), 52,58 as shown in Figure 3A. Likewise, both…”

Co-Deposition of a Hydrogel/Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Layer on 3D Printed Poly(Lactic Acid) Scaffolds via Dip Coating: Towards Automated Biomaterials Fabrication

“…Weak bands at 1444 and 870 cm −1 (ν 3 PO 4 3− ) are characteristic for carbonate ions. A sharp double band at 1038 and 1022 cm −1 (ν 4 PO 4 3− ) and a sharp triple band at 602, 559, and 528 cm −1 are due to phosphate and hydrogen phosphate ions [ 20 , 21 ].…”