Water, Sanitation Dan Hygiene Analysis, and Individual Factors for Stunting among Children Under Two Years in Ambon

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nutrition problem is a problem that is still a threat in various countries around the world, one of which is stunting that occurs since the baby is in the womb and in the early period after the baby is born, but only appears after the child is 2 years old.
 AIM: This study aimed to analyze the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and individual factors for the incidence of stunting in children aged 7–24 months in the slums of Ambon City.
 METHODS: The research was an analytical observational study using a case control study design. The population in this study was all children aged 7–24 months who suffered from stunting in Ambon. The samples were 150 child with a ratio of 1:1 for the case and control groups.
 RESULTS: The results showed that WASH (OR=2.7, CI 95%: 1.379–5.566) dan status Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (OR=5.1; CI 95%: 2.279–11.445) was a stunting risk factor. Meanwhile, diarrhea status (OR=2.4; CI 95%: 0.793–7.302), immunization (OR=1.4; CI 95%:0.622–3.260), and smoking history of household members (OR=1.1; CI 95%: 0.540–2.086) are risk factors, but statistically not significant. Maternal education (OR=1.0) is not a risk factor for stunting in children aged 7–24 months.
 CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study is that the WASH condition and low birth weight status are risk factors for stunting in children aged 7–24 months in Ambon.

Pengaruh Intervensi Gizi Sensitif terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 6-24 Bulan selama Pandemi Covid-19

“…Namun, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan kejadian stunting (Tabel 1). Penelitian sebelumnya juga menemukan hal serupa 35,49,50,51 . Hal ini diduga karena sebagian besar responden, baik yang memiliki balita stunting ataupun tidak stunting, berada pada kondisi dengan strata pendidikan yang sama.…”

Strategy for accelerating stunting prevention through religious approach to generate qualified generation

“…The number of deaths due to diarrhea is 1.8 million people every year. Previous study in Ambon [32] explained that water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and low birth weight status are the risk factors of stunting for the children aged 7-26 months.…”

“…Smoking behavior affects the health and nutritional status of the family, as the research [32] stated that cigarette smoke from the smoking parent has a direct impact on the children's growth and development Int J Public Health Sci ISSN: 2252-8806  by disturbing the nutrition absorption to the children. This result is supported by a previous study conducted by Semba et al [33] which found that tobacco used by parents was the risk factor for malnutrition in children living in poor families in an urban area, Indonesia.…”

Prevention of Stunting through Improving Maternal Parenting and Early Detection of Pregnancy Risk Factors

“…Penyebab lain berupa kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat sehingga banyak terjadinya pernikahan dini, kurangnya pengetahuan ibu mengenai pemberian MPASI yang tepat, ibu balita kurang memberikan asupan makanan yang bergizi untuk anaknya dan juga ibu pada saat hamil (Choirina, 2021;Nengsih et al, 2016). Seorang anak dapat dikatakan mengalami stunting dengan membandingkan tinggi seorang anak dengan standar tinggi anak pada populasi normal yang sesuai dengan usia dan jenis kelamin yang sama, yaitu berada dibawah 2 SD (Dhok & Thakre, 2016;Hasanah et al, 2020).…”