Water requirements and metabolism in Egyptian Barki and Rahmani sheep and Baladi goats during spring, summer and winter seasons

Abstract

Water requirements and metabolism were studied in eight each of Barki and Rahmani sheep and eight Baladi goats. The animals were individually housed in the shade in semi-open pens that were located in a non-desert area. The experiments were carried out during spring, summer and winter seasons, and each experiment lasted for 3 weeks during each season. After a preliminary period of 1 week, an 8-day period was then followed during which body weight, daily feed intake and daily drinking water were recorded. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were also recorded in the early morning and late afternoon. Four animals from each group were then weighed and injected intravenously with tritiated water, TOH (001 mCi/kg body weight) and blood samples were collected during a 4-day period to estimate total body water (TBW) and water turnover rate (WTR).In all seasons studied, the Rahmani sheep had higher TOH disappearance rate (^-values) and WTR and consequently shorter biological half-time (t0 than the Barki. Moreover, the Barki sheep showed less thermal discomfort than the Rahmani particularly during the summer. Although the Rahmani sheep ingested more water than the Barki sheep during the summer, the Rahmani sheep had a lower percentage of TBW and their calculated water loss revealed that they were in negative water balance during this season. Accordingly, the Barki sheep seem to perform better than the Rahmani in newlyreclaimed desert areas. Baladi goats appear to be more adapted to unfavourable environmental conditions than sheep. This is based upon the findings that they had lower ^-values, lower WTR, longer ti and higher TBW, than the two breeds of sheep.TNTRODnrTTON w e " a s * ne phy s '°'°g' ca ' responses (rectal temperature and respiration rate) of Barki and Rahmani Determination of daily water exchange between sheep and of Baladi goats during spring, summer animals and their environment is important for the and winter seasons, estimation of their water requirements and the evaluation of their adaptability and productivity. In MATERIALS AND METHODS ruminants daily water turnover rate is influenced by breed, environmental temperature, pregnancy, lacta-The present study was carried out on 16 ewes tion, age, sex and availability of water in the (including eight desert-adapted Barki and eight environment (MacFarlane & Howard, 1972; Mackie, temperate-evolved Rahmani) and eight Baladi 1977;Degen & Young, 1981;Khan, 1983). Intro-goats belonging to the University of Alexandria duction of sheep and goats to the newly-reclaimed Experimental Station. The experiments were indesert areas of Egypt necessitates the determination itiated in April 1983 and were terminated in February of their daily water turnover rate, in order to ensure 1984. All animals were dry, non-pregnant and were adequate water supply and to choose the species or 1-2 years of age at the beginning of the experiment, the breed which is better adapted to arid and semi-The animals ^were individually housed in semi-open arid conditions. Such animals should b...

Effect of water restriction and environmental temperatures on metabolic rate and physiological parameters in sheep

“…The cold-exposed sheep, on average, had higher (P < 0.05) Tr than animals in the warm environment (Table 1), consistent with a previous report by El-Nouty et al (1988). However, the initial Tr (day 0) was not affected by thermal environments.…”

“…The water requirement is decreased in a cold environment (Winugroho et al 1987;El-Nouty et al 1988) and special mechanisms of water conservation have been used by herbivorous animals during periods of dehydration (Joyce and Blaxter 1964;Schmidt-Nielsen et al 1970). One such mechanism is that the degree of water absorption from the digestive tract appears to increase during dehydration (Goodall and Kay 1965;Maloiy et al 1978;Silanikove and Tadmor 1989).…”

Thermoregulation and water balance in fat-tailed sheep and Kacang goat under sunlight exposure and water restriction in a hot and dry area

“…In G, alterations in plasma volume were apparently in proportion to the thermoregulatory requirement. This response seems to be similar to those found in desertadapted goats (El Nouty et al, 1988;Silanikove, 2000a). We hypothesize that this is a strategy of G having smaller body size compared with S as a mechanism for coping with the high environmental temperature.…”

“…It appears that these two species of small ruminants have been well adapted to thrive in the harsh environment of Jeneponto, including the climate conditions as well as nutrient and water availability. This observation seems to conflict with numerous comparative studies that have suggested that goats are superior to sheep in thermoregulation, digestion, water balance and adaptive abilities (El Nouty et al, 1988;Silanikove, 1992;Silanikove, 2000a).…”

Water requirements and body water distribution in Awassi sheep and Aardi goats during winter and summer seasons

“…Sheep and goats share many anatomical and physiological characteristics, but some reports have indicated that differences with regard to water requirement and metabolism do exist between the two species. For instance, goats consume less water and have a lower water turnover rate than sheep, but with higher TBW content (Ghosh et al 1980;El-Hadi 1986;El-Nouty et al 1988). Awassi sheep and Aardi goats are known for their pronounced adaptation to harsh desert conditions, particularly limited water supply and heat stress (Alamer & Al-Hozab 2004;Alamer 2006).…”