Effect of water restriction and environmental temperatures on metabolic rate and physiological parameters in sheep

Li, B. T.; Christopherson, R. J.; Cosgrove, S.

doi:10.4141/a99-041

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The same results were reported by other authors (Li et al 2000;Ghanem 2005;Hamadeh et al 2006) in experiments conducted on sheep after water restriction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Although several authors (Laden et al 1987;Dahlborn et al 1988;Olsson and Dahlborn 1989;Abdelatif and Ahmed 1994;Ghanem 2005) agree that a reduction of corpuscular volume concentration and haemoglobin serve as good indicators of dehydration in plasma, other authors do not report these findings; in fact, the haematocrit concentration was higher in Awassi and Merinos sheep in conditions of water stress (Laden et al 1987;Ghanem 2005;Ghanem et al 2008). Moreover, under the same conditions other authors have failed to detect any significant variations in this as well as other breeds (Aganga et al 1989;Igbokwe 1993;Li et al 2000). These conflicting results may be dependent on the ability of the sheep to maintain their plasma volume and distribute bodily water when already adapted to water scarcity (Ashour and Benlemlih 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

“…When this condition persists over time, it leads to a slowing of blood flow in animals that could in turn cause several pathological events. Other authors, however, in similar water deprivation experiments conducted on Yankasa (Aganga et al 1989;Igbokwe 1993), Awassi (Jaber et al 2004) and Australian Merino sheep (Li et al 2000) failed to find any significant effects on blood count parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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The effect of water-restriction on various physiological variables in intensively reared Lacaune ewes

Casamassima¹,

Vizzarri²,

Nardoia³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The effects of water restriction on rectal temperature, respiratory rate and selected blood variables in intensively reared Lacaune ewes were evaluated. The tests were carried out over the course of 28 days in spring on 30 lactating sheep divided into three groups of 10 animals each, matched by lactation status and body weight and allocated into individual boxes. The animal groups were as follows: control group W100 with drinking water for the whole day (24 h/24 h), while the two experimental groups each received 80% (W80 group) and 60% (W60 group) of the water ration of the control group, respectively. The feed, in according with physiological and production needs of the animals, was administered in three daily meals (08:00, 14:00 and 20:00 h). Water intake was recorded three times per day (at 08:00, 14:00 and 20:00 h) and the daily feed intake at 08:00 h, while the rectal temperature, respiratory rate were measured and blood samplings were carried out on Day 0, Day 14 and Day 28. In water-restriction groups (W80 and W60) a lower (P < 0.01) feed intake of meadow hay, and a lower ingestion of alfalfa hay pellet in the W60 group compared to W100 group were observed. In addition, the water restriction regimen resulted in a significant decrease of respiratory rate (P < 0.05) and an increase in serum total protein, urea, creatinine, sodium, chlorine, reactive oxygen metabolites, cortisol, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (P < 0.05), red blood cell counts, and haematocrit (P < 0.01). These results show the important role of water, as limiting factor for animal breeding in low-water availability environments. Where possible, the management of low-dairy breeds should be well adapted to support the productive performance.

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“…The same results were reported by other authors (Li et al 2000;Ghanem 2005;Hamadeh et al 2006) in experiments conducted on sheep after water restriction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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The effect of water-restriction on various physiological variables in intensively reared Lacaune ewes

Casamassima¹,

Vizzarri²,

Nardoia³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…Water restriction may exacerbate the impact of heat stress, especially in hot and humid climates (Marai et al, 2007). Water restriction for 4 days in sheep increased the blood cortisol concentrations (Li et al, 2000). Cortisol is a biomarker of the physiological response to stress, including heat stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wool cortisol is a better indicator of stress than blood cortisol in ewes exposed to heat stress and water restriction

Lee

Lohakare

Son

et al. 2014

Animal

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This study investigated the effect of water restriction on wool and blood cortisol concentrations and water consumption patterns in heat-stressed sheep. Nine Corriedale female sheep (average BW = 43 ± 6.5 kg) were individually fed diets based on maintenance requirement in metabolic crates. They were assigned to three treatments according to a Latin square design (3 × 3) for three periods with a 21-day duration for each period (nine sheep per treatment). Treatments included free access to water (FAW), 2 h water restriction (2hWR) and 3 h water restriction (3hWR) after feeding. Average temperaturehumidity index in the experimental room was 27.9 throughout the experiment that defines heat stress conditions. Wool samples were taken at the end of each period on day 21. No differences were found in cortisol concentration in each fragment (dried, washed and residual extract) of wool (P < 0.05). Total wool cortisol concentration was higher in the 3hWR group than the other treatments (P < 0.05). Blood cortisol was not different among the treatments (P > 0.05) and resulted in higher variable data compared with wool cortisol. Blood neutrophils and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio suppressed in FAW and 3hWR groups compared with the 2hWR group (P < 0.05). The duration of water consumption recorded after feeding in the 3hWR group was higher than in the 2hWR group when recorded in the afternoon (P < 0.01). Water consumption rate was higher in the 3hWR group than in the 2hWR group (P < 0.01). However, total water consumed was lower in the 3hWR group compared with other treatments (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that wool cortisol provides more precise and accurate data than blood cortisol during heat stress conditions. Water restriction for 3 h after feeding can act as a stressor and is critical for sheep during heat stress as the consumption of water decreases with restriction.

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“…The majority of research has been on single acute stressors, either approached through experimental laboratory studies or, in a few cases, through nonexperimental evaluation of acute natural stressors in the field. In experimental laboratory studies, researchers have usually created such stressors by exposing animals to various single environmental stressors for short period: extreme heat (Larsson et al, 1983;Lowe et al, 2002;Olsson et al, 1995Olsson et al, , 1996; review by Silanikove, 2000); cold temperatures (DeVries et al, 1997;Filipovic, 2007); food or water deprivation (Astheimer et al, 1992;Dunlap, 1995;Li et al, 2000;Lynn et al, 2003;Tsuma et al, 1996; see also review by Harvey et al, 1984). A few experiments have used a combination of two acute stressors simultaneously, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping with a challenging environment: Effects of seasonal variability and reproductive status on glucocorticoid concentrations of female baboons (Papio cynocephalus)

Gesquiere

Khan

Shek

et al. 2008

Hormones and Behavior

105

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Environmental stressors impact physiology and behavior in many species of animals. These effects are partly mediated through changing concentrations of glucocorticoids, which also vary with reproductive state and social conditions. Prior research has focused largely on seasonal breeders, but the close temporal linkage between season and reproductive state in these species hinders ability to disentangle environmental effects from those of the animal's reproductive status. Here we assessed the effects of environmental challenges on the fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) levels of non-seasonal breeders, female baboons (Papio cynocephalus) of Amboseli, Kenya. Amboseli is characterized by a long dry season, during which food and water become scarce, and by extreme temperatures above 40°C in the shade during some months of the year. We found that after accounting for female reproductive status and individual variability, females exhibited higher fGC levels during the dry season than during the wet season. Further, during the wet season, fGC levels were higher in months of high average daily maximum temperatures. During the dry season, fGC levels were elevated both in hotter months and in months during which the baboons spent a relatively high proportion of time feeding. In spite of these stressors, female baboons reproduce during all months of the year in Amboseli, unlike most other mammals in this environment. This may be attributable to their extreme adaptability, specifically their diversified diet, and their ability to modify their behavior, including their activity profiles.

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Effect of water restriction and environmental temperatures on metabolic rate and physiological parameters in sheep

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

The effect of water-restriction on various physiological variables in intensively reared Lacaune ewes

The effect of water-restriction on various physiological variables in intensively reared Lacaune ewes

Wool cortisol is a better indicator of stress than blood cortisol in ewes exposed to heat stress and water restriction

Coping with a challenging environment: Effects of seasonal variability and reproductive status on glucocorticoid concentrations of female baboons (Papio cynocephalus)

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