Watchstrap-Embedded Four-Element Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output Antenna Design for a Smartwatch in 5.2–5.8 GHz Wireless Applications

Wu, Chia-En; Sun, Jwo‐Shiun; Lu, Bo-Shiun

doi:10.1155/2018/1905984

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(29 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The shoelace has been fed from the bottom of the laces and exhibited an acceptable performance even when being tightened or loosened. In the same way, a new technique by using the strap of a watch as the radiator has been proposed in [143]- [145]. A detailed study of the slotted-metallic strip and its effect on radiation patterns, feeding locations on the strip as well as the impact of arm and hand for wearable WLAN application has been performed [144].…”

Section: Unique Wearable Antenna Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Antennas: A Review of Materials, Structures, and Innovative Features for Autonomous Communication and Sensing

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wearable antennas have gained much attention in recent years due to their attractive features and possibilities in enabling lightweight, flexible, low cost, and portable wireless communication and sensing. Such antennas need to be conformal when used on different parts of the human body, thus need to be implemented using flexible materials and designed in a low profile structure. Ultimately, these antennas need to be capable of operating with minimum degradation in proximity to the human body. Such requirements render the design of wearable antennas challenging, especially when considering aspects such as their size compactness, effects of structural deformation and coupling to the body, and fabrication complexity and accuracy. Despite slight variations in severity according to applications, most of these issues exist in the context of body-worn implementation. This review aims to present different challenges and issues in designing wearable antennas, their material selection, and fabrication techniques. More importantly, recent innovative methods in back radiations reduction techniques, circular polarization (CP) generation methods, dual polarization techniques, and providing additional robustness against environmental effects are first presented. This is followed by a discussion of innovative features and their respective methods in alleviating these issues recently proposed by the scientific community researching in this field. INDEX TERMSWearable devices, Internet of Things (IoT), wearable antennas, flexible, reconfigurable antennas, energy harvesting for wearable devices, specific absorption rate (SAR).

show abstract

Section: Unique Wearable Antenna Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Antennas: A Review of Materials, Structures, and Innovative Features for Autonomous Communication and Sensing

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, the conductive ground minimized the backward radiations and improved radiation efficiency up to 66% on a hand model. In [ 329 ], a MIMO antenna was designed on a plastic wristband strap at 5.2–5.8 GHz. The antenna achieved an efficiency of 97% in free space and 55% on the hand model.…”

Section: Applications Of Wearable Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances of Wearable Antennas in Materials, Fabrication Methods, Designs, and Their Applications: State-of-the-Art

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The demand for wearable technologies has grown tremendously in recent years. Wearable antennas are used for various applications, in many cases within the context of wireless body area networks (WBAN). In WBAN, the presence of the human body poses a significant challenge to the wearable antennas. Specifically, such requirements are required to be considered on a priority basis in the wearable antennas, such as structural deformation, precision, and accuracy in fabrication methods and their size. Various researchers are active in this field and, accordingly, some significant progress has been achieved recently. This article attempts to critically review the wearable antennas especially in light of new materials and fabrication methods, and novel designs, such as miniaturized button antennas and miniaturized single and multi-band antennas, and their unique smart applications in WBAN. Finally, the conclusion has been drawn with respect to some future directions.

show abstract

“…This article distillates on microstrip antennas used in portable wireless systems 7 as shown in Figure 1. Antennas like MSAs, wearable structures and conformal geometries are well harmonized with requirements of handheld devices 7–118 . Study on planar antennas 7–39 is diverse and interesting due to which the discussion is essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design must be unique for MSA because they are needed to be embedded in smart devices. These devices must be small, flexible and comfortable for the satisfaction of user 46,60,79 . As a part of recent development, textile antennas 40,41,44 came in existence that uses any conductor as a radiating element and cloth fabric as a substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State‐of‐art design aspects of wearable, mobile, and flexible antennas for modern communication wireless systems

Gharode

Nella

Maheswar

2021

Int J Communication

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary In this present contemporary epoch, wireless communication appliances exemplified meteoric progression in technology. These systems entail an antenna in every strand of communication. Depending upon the recent expansions in generations, the antennas become more compact, lightweight, portable, wearable, cost‐effective, and conformal while maintaining essential performance characteristics like impedance bandwidth, efficiency, gain, SAR, etc. This review is envisioned to unveil state‐of‐art in conventional and unconventional antenna technologies in recent times and offers knowledge to readers about a large regime of antenna designs suitable for different wireless communication system applications like GSM, GPS, Wi‐Fi, WLAN, bluetooth, 4G, and 5G under a single head. It is unambiguously worth stating that recent 5G antenna designs will unleash new breaks in leapfrogging all outmoded blockades in developments. Intended wireless communication systems take in mobiles, laptops, smart wears, tablets, etc., while antenna technologies cover wearable models, conformal structures, MIMO configurations, microstrip and planar monopole antennas. This study draws attention towards multi‐band and wide‐band accomplishment techniques, SAR analysis, bending and twisting effects of conformal or wearable antennas, effect of human body and wireless appliances on antenna performance. As per the study, FCC set a standard value of SAR as equal or below to 1.6 W/kg for 1 g of body tissue. IEC standards regulated a limit on SAR value as 2 W/kg, which is average value over 10 g of body tissue. Also, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of below 0.05, diversity gain of less than 10 dB and a maximum channel capacity of 0.4 bit/s/Hz are necessary for MIMO systems.

show abstract

Watchstrap-Embedded Four-Element Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output Antenna Design for a Smartwatch in 5.2–5.8 GHz Wireless Applications

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Wearable Antennas: A Review of Materials, Structures, and Innovative Features for Autonomous Communication and Sensing

Wearable Antennas: A Review of Materials, Structures, and Innovative Features for Autonomous Communication and Sensing

Recent Advances of Wearable Antennas in Materials, Fabrication Methods, Designs, and Their Applications: State-of-the-Art

State‐of‐art design aspects of wearable, mobile, and flexible antennas for modern communication wireless systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About