“…Effective treatment of wastewater in Antarctica requires an understanding of the properties of the wastewater, local conditions and the receiving environment, and of the constraints imposed by Antarctic environmental conditions on the efficacy of treatment technologies. Various mechanisms and pathways through which wastewater discharges may cause detrimental environmental impacts in Antarctica have recently been identified Hughes and Thompson, 2004;Smith and Riddle, 2009) and attention has turned to the development of new approaches to wastewater treatment specifically designed to prevent or mitigate these impacts (Barker et al, 2013;Connor, 2008;Gröndahl et al, 2009;Hughes, 2004).…”