Wastewater reuse in Jordan: Present status and future plans

Ammary, Bashaar Y.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.02.091

Cited by 79 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Treated wastewater has been officially regulated by the Water Authority as a resource by adopting standards regulating the reuse of treated domestic wastewater for irrigation since 1995 [2]. The quality of treated wastewater discharged by newly operated plants in Jordan is considered very high according to the reuse requirements stated in the Jordanian Reclaimed Wastewater Standard-JS 893\2006 [2], which presents a good opportunity to expand the schemes of treated wastewater reuse [3]. The amount of treated wastewater is expected to be around 262 MCM/year in 2020 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic Wastewater Reuse in Concrete Using Bench-Scale Testing and Full-Scale Implementation

Ghrair

Al‐Mashaqbeh

2016

Water

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Demand for fresh water by the construction sector is expected to increase due to the high increase in the growth of construction activities in Jordan. This study aims to evaluate the potential of scale-up of the application of treated domestic wastewater in concrete from bench-scale to a full-scale. On the lab scale, concrete and mortar mixes using Primary and Secondary Treated Wastewater (PTW, STW) and Distilled Water (DW) were cast and tested after various curing ages (7, 28, 120, and 200 days). Based on wastewater quality, according to IS 456-2000, the STW is suitable for mortar and concrete production. Mortar made with STW at curing time up to 200 days has no significant negative effect on the mortar's compressive strength. Conversely, the PTW exceeded the maximum permissible limits of total organic content and E coli. for concrete mixing-water. Using PTW results, a significant increase in the initial setting time of up to 16.7% and a decrease in the concrete workability are observed. In addition, using PTW as mixing water led to a significant reduction in the compressive strength up to 19.6%. The results that came out from scaling up to real production operation of ready-mix concrete were in harmony with the lab-scale results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic Wastewater Reuse in Concrete Using Bench-Scale Testing and Full-Scale Implementation

Ghrair

Al‐Mashaqbeh

2016

Water

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“…For example, imports of animal products associated with large WFs came from India and Australia. Higher standards of living in Jordan [48] are likely associated with an increased share of animal products in the average diet and hence an increased WF of consumption. …”

Section: Jordan's Dependency On Foreign Water Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating the Risk of Extreme Water Scarcity and Dependency: The Case of Jordan

Schyns

Hamaideh

Mekonnen

et al. 2015

Water

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Jordan faces great internal water scarcity and pollution, conflict over trans-boundary waters, and strong dependency on external water resources through trade. This paper analyzes these issues and subsequently reviews options to reduce the risk of extreme water scarcity and dependency. Based on estimates of water footprint, water availability, and virtual water trade, we find that groundwater consumption is nearly double the groundwater availability, water pollution aggravates blue water scarcity, and Jordan's external virtual water import dependency is 86%. The review of response options yields 10 ingredients for a strategy for Jordan to mitigate the risks of extreme water scarcity and dependency. With respect to these ingredients, Jordan's current water policy requires a strong redirection towards water demand management. Actual implementation of the plans in the national water strategy (against existing oppositions) would be a first step. However, more attention should be paid to reducing water demand by changing the consumption pattern of Jordanian consumers. Moreover, unsustainable exploitation of the fossil Disi aquifer should soon be halted and planned desalination projects require careful consideration regarding the sustainability of their energy supply. OPEN ACCESSWater 2015, 7 5706

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“…(2007), have investigated the rate of freshwater withdrawal in the thermoelectric industry (Feeley, 2007). Others have examined wastewater reclamation from a life cycle perspective (Hospido, Moreira et al, 2004;Chen, Yeh et al, 2005;Ammary, 2006;Hospido, Moreira et al, 2008) and have considered cooling water reuse within power plants …”

Section: C121 Gac Batch Isotherm Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Treated Municipal Wastewater as Power Plant Cooling System Makeup Water: Tertiary Treatment versus Expanded Chemical Regimen for Recirculating Water Quality Management

Dzombak¹,

Vidić²,

Landis³

2012

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| DE-NT0006550Final Technical Report ABSTRACTTreated municipal wastewater is a common, widely available alternative source of cooling water for thermoelectric power plants across the U.S. However, the biodegradable organic matter, ammonia-nitrogen, carbonate and phosphates in the treated wastewater pose challenges with respect to enhanced biofouling, corrosion, and scaling, respectively.The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits and life cycle costs of implementing tertiary treatment of secondary treated municipal wastewater prior to use in recirculating cooling systems. The study comprised bench-and pilot-scale experimental studies with three different tertiary treated municipal wastewaters, and life cycle costing and environmental analyses of various tertiary treatment schemes. Sustainability factors and metrics for reuse of treated wastewater in power plant cooling systems were also evaluated. The three tertiary treated wastewaters studied were: secondary treated municipal wastewater subjected to acid addition for pH control (MWW_pH); secondary treated municipal wastewater subjected to nitrification and sand filtration (MWW_NF); and secondary treated municipal wastewater subjected nitrification, sand filtration, and GAC adsorption (MWW_NFG).Tertiary treatment was determined to be essential to achieve appropriate corrosion, scaling, and biofouling control for use of secondary treated municipal wastewater in power plant cooling systems. The ability to control scaling, in particular, was found to be significantly enhanced with tertiary treated wastewater compared to secondary treated wastewater. MWW_pH treated water (adjustment to pH 7.8) was effective in reducing scale formation, but increased corrosion and the amount of biocide required to achieve appropriate biofouling control. Corrosion could be adequately controlled with tolytriazole addition (4-5 ppm TTA), however, which was the case for all of the tertiary treated waters. For MWW_NF treated water, the removal of ammonia by nitrification helped to reduce the corrosivity and biocide demand. Also, the lower pH and alkalinity resulting from nitrification reduced the scaling to an acceptable level, without the addition of anti-scalant chemicals. Additional GAC adsorption treatment, MWW_NFG, yielded no net benefit. Removal of organic matter resulted in pitting corrosion in copper and cupronickel alloys. Negligible improvement was observed in scaling control and biofouling control. For all of the tertiary treatments, biofouling control was achievable, and most effectively with pre-formed monochloramine (2-3 ppm) in comparison with NaOCl and ClO 2 .Life cycle cost (LCC) analyses were performed for the tertiary treatment systems studied experimentally and for several other treatment options. A public domain conceptual costing tool (LC 3 model) was developed for this purpose. MWW_SF (lime softening and sand filtration) and MWW_NF were the most cost-effective treatment options among the tertiary treatment alternatives considered becaus...

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Wastewater reuse in Jordan: Present status and future plans

Cited by 79 publications

References 3 publications

Domestic Wastewater Reuse in Concrete Using Bench-Scale Testing and Full-Scale Implementation

Domestic Wastewater Reuse in Concrete Using Bench-Scale Testing and Full-Scale Implementation

Mitigating the Risk of Extreme Water Scarcity and Dependency: The Case of Jordan

Use of Treated Municipal Wastewater as Power Plant Cooling System Makeup Water: Tertiary Treatment versus Expanded Chemical Regimen for Recirculating Water Quality Management

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