Walnut shell based adsorbents: A review study on preparation, mechanism, and application

Albatrni, Hania; Qiblawey, Hazim; Al–Marri, Mohammed J.

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102527

Cited by 54 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Figure 15 depicts the hydroxyl species being involved in the binding of dye molecules on the surface of the adsorbent. A similar type of mechanism is also reported in the literature [ 25 ]. In addition, film diffusion and pore diffusion models have been most frequently used for examining their diffusion mechanism.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Many researchers have reported the removal of RBBR dye from aqueous solutions using various adsorbents, such as cellulose-based activated carbon, activated carbon prepared from pinecone, pirina waste pre-treated with nitric acid, and commercial activated carbon [ 11 , 23 , 24 ]. Several studies have reported the removal of toxic dyes, such as Congo red, Malachite green, Reactive red, and Methylene blue from synthetic dye effluent using walnut shell-based activated carbon [ 25 ]. The maximum adsorption capacity (q max ) of the Congo red and Methylene blue dye onto ZnCl 2 -activated walnut shell biomass carbon is 400.11 and 442.56 mg g −1 respectively [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Removal of Toxic Remazol Brilliant Blue-R Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Juglans nigra Shell Biomass Activated Carbon as Potential Adsorbent: Optimization, Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Investigation

Parimelazhagan

Yashwath

Pushparajan

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Recently, the treatment of effluent by agricultural waste biomass has significantly attracted wide interest among researchers due to its availability, efficacy, and low cost. The removal of toxic Remazol Brilliant Blue-R (RBBR) from aqueous solutions using HNO3-treated Juglans nigra (walnut) shell biomass carbon as an adsorbent has been examined under various experimental conditions, such as initial pH, adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dosage, particle size, agitation speed, and type of electrolyte. The experiments are designed to achieve the maximum dye removal efficiency using the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum pH, adsorbent dosage, and particle size were found to be 1.5, 7 g L−1, and 64 μm, respectively for maximum decolorization efficiency (98.24%). The prepared adsorbent was characterized by particle size, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, pore volume, zero-point charge (pHzpc), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Based on fitting the experimental data with various models, the isotherm and kinetic mechanism are found to be more appropriate with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption mechanism can be described by the intra-particle diffusion model, Bangham, and Boyd plots. The overall rate of adsorption is controlled by the external film diffusion of dye molecules. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity, (qmax) 54.38 mg g−1 for RBBR dye, was obtained at a temperature of 301 K. From a thermodynamic standpoint, the process is endothermic, spontaneous, and the chemisorption process is favored at high temperatures. Desorption studies were conducted with various desorbing reagents in various runs and the maximum desorption efficiency (61.78% in the third run) was obtained using the solvent methanol. Reusability studies demonstrated that the prepared adsorbent was effective for up to three runs of operation. The investigation outcomes concluded that walnut shell biomass activated carbon (WSBAC) is a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and bio-sustainable material that can be used for synthetic dye decolorization in aqueous media.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Removal of Toxic Remazol Brilliant Blue-R Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Juglans nigra Shell Biomass Activated Carbon as Potential Adsorbent: Optimization, Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Investigation

Parimelazhagan

Yashwath

Pushparajan

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…The rough surface is seen with a number of random cavities. This is due to the pores nature of the walnut shell surface [15,21,22]]. These features demonstrate the high porosity of walnut shell surface, which confirms its surface's capability to adsorb MB in its cavities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Producing adsorbents through the transformation of waste material has helped obtain the useful product for industrial and scientific research [4]. The excellent adsorptive capability was seen by a walnut shell towards a number of organic compounds [15], dyes [16], thallium [17], and heavy metals [15]. Eggshell Eg waste is another example of adsorbents that were used in multiple applications such as additives and fertilizers as well as adsorbents for heavy metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2023

J. Med. Chem. Sci.

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Walnut shell (WS) powder and eggshell (Eg) powder were grounded and sieved using a 75 µm hole diameter sieve. Both WS and Eg powders were characterized by SEM and IR technologies, and their adsorption capacity was tested towards Methylene blue dye (MB). The tested parameters for MB removal efficiency (RE) were contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature. It was found that RE of 20 mg/L MB equaled 65.86% after 10 min and 64.82 % after 30 min in the presence of WS and Eg, respectively. For 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L of MB, RE using WS equalled to 65.87%, 71%, 71.8%, 72% and 72.34 respectively. However, using Eg, RE for the same concentrations of MB was noticed to be 60.01%, 55.23%, 51.62%, 46.01%, and 44.52%, respectively. At varing temperatures, for 20 mg/L of MB, the RE was 69.34%, 72.5%, 69.44%, and 69.85% at 25, 35, 45, and 55°C on order using WS powder. While at the same temperatures, RE was 64.21%, 65.21%, 65%, and 64%, respectively, using Eg powder. It can be concluded that WS powder has shown greater adsorption capacities towards MB than Eg powder. K E Y W O R D SAdsorption MB dye Wastewater treatment Removal efficiency Walnut shell micro-powder SEM Eggshell micro-powder

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“…Walnut shells are excellent biochar precursors because of their high volatile content and pore structure that can be easily modified. In addition, walnuts are very popular nuts, with a global production of 3.7 million tons in 2019, of which China accounts for 1.06 million tons [19]. Additionally, 60% of the mass of walnut fruit is the walnut shells [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pore Structure on CO2 Adsorption Performance for ZnCl2/FeCl3/H2O(g) Co-Activated Walnut Shell-Based Biochar

2022

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Walnut shell is a very potential biochar precursor because of its wide source, low cost, and easy structure modification. In this paper, the co-activation method of FeCl3, ZnCl2 and H2O(g) was adopted to prepare walnut shell-based biochar with high microporosity and the effect of pore structure on CO2 adsorption performance at different temperatures was investigated. The prepared biochar had a larger specific surface area (2647.8 m2 g−1), satisfactory micropore area (2008.7 m2 g−1) and high total pore volume (2.58 cm3 g−1). At 273 K and 298 K, its CO2 adsorption capacity was 4.79 mmol g−1 and 3.20 mmol g−1, respectively. Particularly, CO2 adsorbed uptake on biochar was strongly sensitive to their narrow micropore volume, instead of the total specific surface area, total pore volume, and micropore specific surface area. The optimal pore size beneficial for CO2 adsorption was 0.33–0.82 nm at 273 K, but the optimal pore size was 0.33–0.39 nm at 298 K. It provides theoretical guidance for future material preparation and selection, and FeCl3, ZnCl2 and H2O(g) may be effective biochar activators.

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Walnut shell based adsorbents: A review study on preparation, mechanism, and application

Cited by 54 publications

References 107 publications

Rapid Removal of Toxic Remazol Brilliant Blue-R Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Juglans nigra Shell Biomass Activated Carbon as Potential Adsorbent: Optimization, Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Investigation

Rapid Removal of Toxic Remazol Brilliant Blue-R Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Juglans nigra Shell Biomass Activated Carbon as Potential Adsorbent: Optimization, Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Investigation

Untitled

Effect of Pore Structure on CO2 Adsorption Performance for ZnCl2/FeCl3/H2O(g) Co-Activated Walnut Shell-Based Biochar

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