Waist-Stature Ratio And Its Relationship With Autonomic Recovery From Aerobic Exercise In Healthy Men

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Blood pressure (Bp) is a cardiovascular parameter applied to detect cardiovascular risk. Recently, the pre-hypertension state has received greater consideration for prevention strategies. We evaluated autonomic and cardiorespiratory recovery following aerobic exercise in normotensive individuals with different systolic BP (SBP) values. We investigated 30 healthy men aged 18 to 30 years divided into groups according to systolic BP (SBP): G1 (n = 16), resting SBP <110 mmHg and G2 (n = 14), resting SBP between 120-110 mmHg. The groups endured 15 minutes seated at rest, followed by a submaximal aerobic exercise on a treadmill and then remaining seated for 60 minutes also at rest, during recovery from the exercise. Cardiorespiratory parameters and heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) (rMSSD, SD1, HF [ms 2 ]) were evaluated before and during recovery from exercise. G2 displayed slower return of SBP, rMSSD and SD1 HRV indices during recovery from exercise compared to G1. In conclusion, normotensive subjects with higher resting SBP (110 to 120 mmHg) offered delayed autonomic recovery following moderate exercise. We suggest that this group may be less physiologically optimized leading to cardiac risks. Cardiovascular diseases are the foremost cause of mortality worldwide 1. Studies in humans and animals have demonstrated that autonomic dysfunction is closely related to cardiovascular diseases, since autonomic dysfunction implies an inferior prognosis for individuals, increasing the risk of cardiac arrest, infarctions and sudden death 2-4. Hence, a non-invasive method that evaluates autonomic modulation is heart rate (HR) variability (HRV). It defines the oscillations between consecutive inter-beat intervals (IBI) that are related to the influence of the autonomic nervous system on the sinus node of the heart 5. HRV is reduced in hypertension 6 , which is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disorders and the chief reason of premature death 1,7. Approximately, one billion people globally are hypertensive and more vulnerable to stroke and sudden death 1,7. So, due to the hazardous control of blood pressure (BP) levels in the hypertensive population, there is an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality 8. According to the most recent guidelines for the management of hypertension, BP is classified as normal for systolic BP (SBP) <120 mmHg and diastolic BP (DBP) <80 mmHg); pre-hypertension for SBP between 129 and 139 mmHg and/or DBP between 80 and 89 mmHg; stage 1 hypertension for SBP between 140 and 159 mmHg and/or DBP between 90 and 99 mmHg and; stage 2 hypertension for SBP values ≥160 mmHg and/or DBP ≥100 mmHg 9. Pre-hypertension was formerly indicated to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease 10. Guo et al. 10 commenced a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to evaluate the connection between pre-hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. The authors considered pre-hypertension or high normal BP as baseline exposure, fatal or non-fatal incident stroke, myocardial...

“…Only series with above 95% of sinus beats were included in the study 21 . Further details have been previously documented [22][23][24] .…”

Section: Methods Strobe Guidelines Our Investigation Is In Accordancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Strobe Guidelines Our Investigation Is In Accordancementioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Systolic Blood Pressure in Normotensive Subjects is Related to Better Autonomic Recovery Following Exercise

Oliveira

Fontes

Ricci‐Vitor

et al. 2020

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“…Subjects were excluded under the following conditions: cardiorespiratory, neurological, musculoskeletal, renal, metabolic, endocrine and other reported disorders that prohibited the successful completion of the protocols, those subjects using medications, smoking, and those had a resting root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) index < 15 ms 9 . Also, subjects participated on 10th and 15th days and between the 20th and 25th days of the menstrual cycle, in order to avoid influence of the luteal and follicular phase, respectively 23 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HRV analysis. HRV analysis was accomplished according to the instructions from the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology guidelines 9 . The HR was measured beat-to-beat during the procedures through a HR monitor (Polar RS800cx, Finland) with a sampling rate of 1 kHz.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avocado (Persea americana) pulp improves cardiovascular and autonomic recovery following submaximal running: a crossover, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial

Sousa

Valenti

Pereira

et al. 2020

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previous studies have demonstrated that regular avocado consumption presents advantageous effects on cardiovascular system. However, little attention has been paid to the use of avocado as a dietary supplement, in particular, for individuals involved in physical exercise training. therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of acute avocado pulp intake on cardiovascular and autonomic recovery subsequent to moderate exercise. Using a crossover, randomized, double-blind and placebocontrolled trial design, 16 healthy female adults underwent two protocols: Avocado pulp (600 mg in capsule) and placebo (600 mg starch in capsule). After the ingestion of Avocado pulp or placebo, the subjects were seated for 60 min at rest, followed by running on a treadmill at a submaximal level and then remained seated for 60 min during recovery from the exercise. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) [rMSSD, SD1, HF (ms 2)] and skin conductance were evaluated before and during exercise, as well as during recovery. HR, systolic blood pressure, HRV and skin conductance recovered faster when subjects were given avocado pulp prior to exercise. in conclusion, avocado pulp improved cardiovascular and autonomic recovery after exercise, suggesting a reduced risk of cardiovascular events after exertion. The current results support the beneficial effects of ingestion of avocado prior to submaximal treadmill running. The autonomic nervous system is controlled by central areas in the brain and brainstem 1,2. During exercise the autonomic nervous system is responsible for physiological changes required to meet the contending demands of skin blood flow (thermoregulation) and the functioning muscles (metabolic loads), to maintain blood pressure and optimal organ perfusion 1. This is key to keeping the body healthy under stressful conditions 1,2. In the first few seconds of exercise, reduction of parasympathetic activity increases heart rate (HR), followed by an elevation

Birth weight and heart rate autonomic recovery following exercise in healthy term-born adults

Vidigal

Garner

Akimoto

et al. 2021

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The impact of birth weight (BW) on adult health has been studied, related to the autonomic nervous system, and implicated in cardiovascular risk. We investigated cardiorespiratory and heart rate (HR) autonomic recovery after moderate effort in healthy term-born adults with different BWs. We studied 28 healthy physically active women aged between 18 to 30 years split equally into two groups according to BW: G1 (n = 14), BW between 2500 g and 3200 g and G2 (n = 14), BW > 3200 g. The groups remained seated at rest for 15 min, followed by aerobic exercise on a treadmill (five minutes at 50–55% of maximum HR and 25 min 60–65% of maximum HR) and then remained seated for 60 min during recovery from the exercise. Cardiorespiratory parameters and HR variability (HRV) [RMSSD, HF (ms2)] were assessed before and during recovery from exercise. In G1, HR was increased from 0 to 20 min after exercise whilst in G2 HR was higher from 0 to 7 min following exercise. In G1, short-term HRV was increased from 5 to 10 min after exercise but in G2 it recovered prior to 5 min following effort. In conclusion, healthy term-born women with low normal BW present slower HR autonomic recovery after exercise.