W-GeoR: Weighted Geographical Routing for VANET’s Health Monitoring Applications in Urban Traffic Networks

Abstract

Natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunami could destroy the existing infrastructure-based communication system. IoT-based health monitoring is not possible in such scenarios. Therefore, there is a need for other resilient health monitoring frameworks to provide consistent health monitoring without depending on existing communication platforms. Wireless Body Sensor Network (WBSN) based health monitoring utilizing Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) as a communication medium could be a handy solution for transmitting patients' health information to the nearest ambulance or hospital in emergencies or disaster-prone areas. Casualty rates can be reduced significantly by providing emergency treatment to injured patients within a stipulated time. VANET's health monitoring applications are time-critical; therefore, designing a stable and efficient routing algorithm is a significant research challenge. Over the years, the researchers proposed many routing solutions to minimize the delay for critical applications. This paper proposed a Weighted Geographical Routing (W-GeoR) for VANET's health monitoring applications focusing on next-hop node selection for faster vital signs dissemination to facilitate post-disaster health monitoring in urban traffic environments. The proposed protocol utilized traffic-aware information including traffic mobility, inter-vehicle distances, speed differences, communication link expiration time, channel quality, and proximity factors for optimal next-hop node selection procedure. W-GeoR is tested on a postdisaster scenario created with SUMO-0.32 and NS-3.23 platforms. Simulated results confirm that W-GeoR performs better than the existing state-of-the-art protocols.

3D Location Oriented Routing in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks for Information Dissemination

“…This section evaluated the performance of our proposed O-LAR mechanism against the existing LAR, D-LAR, and LEPR schemes using simulated experiments. The simulations of the proposed and existing routing protocols were conducted for different scenarios with varying number of UAVs and their speed through the NS-2.35 simulator [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].At the beginning of FANET scenario, all UAVs (05-25) are randomly distributed in the area of 1×1km 2 with a transmission range of each UAV is maximum as 250m and used IEEE 802.11g as a mac layer wireless standard. The speed of each UAV is varying from 20 to 100m/sec.…”

UF‐GPSR: Modified geographical routing protocol for flying ad‐hoc networks

“…The existing GPSR uses the greedy forwarding strategy to select the next‐hop, which determines the node nearest to the destination, that is, the farthest neighbor closer to the border. As a result, link failures and re‐transmission delays are expected 43 . Further, the proposed UF‐GPSR introduces the Distance Degree $$$ \left({DD}_{\left({U}_i,{U}_d\right)}^{CFU}\right) $$$ of the neighboring UAV that considers the distance between the neighbors and destination UAV for data dissemination.…”

A Survey on Holes Problem in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks

“…Authors have designed a worm hole detection technique in the ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) [100] which works using connectivity information of network. Algorithm is used during route discovery when route reply packet is received by sender [101][102][103][104][105][106]. Algorithm is started from destination point and detection process is run with neighbor nodes in elected path (shown in Fig.…”