UF‐GPSR: Modified geographical routing protocol for flying ad‐hoc networks

Abstract

Flying Ad‐hoc Networks (FANETs) has recently gained significant exposure for their emerging military, civil, and commercial applications. In FANETs, all Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can communicate within a restricted wireless communication range without fixed infrastructure. However, the highly dynamic nature of UAVs imposes a significant issue in FANET's communications. Therefore, designing an effective routing strategy is always necessary for sustaining appropriate network performance in FANETs. This paper is interested in modifying Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol named Utility Function based Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (UF‐GPSR) protocol for FANETs. The proposed approach optimizes the greedy forwarding strategy by considering multiple vital parameters of UAVs: residual energy ratio, distance degree, movement direction, link risk degree, and speed, respectively. The proposed UF‐GPSR applies the utility function on these parameters to enhance the routing performance by selecting optimal next‐hop within the communication range. The effectiveness of the proposed work is mathematically evaluated and then simulated through the NS‐3.23 simulator. The experimental outcomes verify that the proposed routing approach enhances the packet delivery ratio and throughput while decreasing packet drop ratio and delay compared to the other routing approaches: GPSR and GPSR‐PPU.

Intelligent Data-Enabled Task Offloading for Vehicular Fog Computing

“…In addition, there are several intelligent routing protocols for vehicular networks that are also used to transmit packets from vehicles to fog nodes [31][32][33][34][35]. These algorithms utilize techniques, such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms and machine learning, to obtain information about optimal routes.…”

Novel Optimized Strategy Based on Multi-Next-Hops Election to Reduce Video Transmission Delay for GPSR Protocol over VANETs

“…Although this provides some control over the communication area, it may limit the scheme's performance in dynamic and unpredictable vehicular environments [34]. Additionally, the UF-GPSR [35] protocol addresses routing challenges in flying ad hoc networks (FANETs), but still lacks a comprehensive consideration of parameters relevant to multimedia data transmission.…”

AFB-GPSR: Adaptive Beaconing Strategy Based on Fuzzy Logic Scheme for Geographical Routing in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)

“…Recently, in the ad hoc networks community, many researchers have proposed a variety of geographic routing strategies in WANET with fixed and dynamic beaconing. Some of these studies are conducted using analytical models; others are built on intelligent approaches [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Table 2 shows some of the recent related works.…”

“…Finally, the study in [50] focuses on developing the Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol for FANETs. The approach is known as the Utility-Function-based Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (UFGPSR).…”