Vulnerabilidade de mulheres negras na atenção ao pré-natal e ao parto no SUS: análise da pesquisa da Ouvidoria Ativa

Abstract

Resumo Com princípios de respeito à proteção e à implementação dos direitos humanos, à diversidade cultural, étnica e racial e à promoção da equidade, a Rede Cegonha assegura direitos ao planejamento reprodutivo e provimento contínuo das ações de atenção à saúde materna e infantil. Este trabalho objetivou analisar diferenças na atenção ao pré-natal e ao parto no SUS segundo raça/cor a partir de dados da Pesquisa da Ouvidoria Ativa da Rede Cegonha em 2012. Este estudo descritivo utilizou o banco de dados secundários da pesquisa da Ouvidoria Geral do SUS. Constituíram o universo desta investigação 253.647 mulheres, sendo que 50,8% se autodeclararam pardas, 35,4% brancas, 10,6% pretas, 2,1% amarelas, 0,6% indígenas e de 0,5% sem informações sobre raça/cor. As mulheres de raça/cor preta/parda aparecem em piores condições nas características socioeconômicas, na assistência ao pré-natal e ao parto, em todas as variáveis estudadas, menos para agressão no parto e pagamento suplementar. Esse conhecimento sobre iniquidades e vulnerabilidades deve servir de alerta para a sociedade e para o poder público como diretriz para a elaboração de políticas e ações destinadas a reduzir desigualdades em saúde.

Resultados perinatais e do primeiro ano de vida segundo cor da pele materna: estudo de coorte

“…This association was evidenced in a study with the objective to analyze differences in prenatal care and delivery in the Unified Health System according to race/color based on data from the Research of the Active Ombudsman of the Stork Network (Pesquisa da Ouvidoria Ativa da Rede Cegonha). A statistically significant difference was observed in relation to vaginal delivery, since the proportion of this type of delivery was higher in black women (16) .…”

Problemas de saúde mais comuns em mulheres negras

“…In addition, black women are part of the group of Brazilian women who generally have the worst health indicators, expressed in the highest incidence of diseases. 12 This vulnerability to diseases is associated with various social determinants of health, including living, working, eating and sanitary conditions. 13 In a study conducted in the United States, the association between low socioeconomic status and each of the 14 major causes of death categories in the international classification of diseases was shown.…”

“…25 It was found in a study conducted in the state of Rio de Janeiro on the profile of maternal mortality, between 2009 and 2013, that mothers who died due to causes related to pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum were young, black and low education. 12 It is noteworthy that, in Brazil, of the total maternal deaths of young people, black women represent 55.3%, while white women, 47.5% of this population, according to information from the National Health System bank (DataSUS) and data provided through the Access to Information Act. 12 Access to the health system is also considered to be a common problem for black women who need to treat any pathology throughout their lives.…”

“…12 It is noteworthy that, in Brazil, of the total maternal deaths of young people, black women represent 55.3%, while white women, 47.5% of this population, according to information from the National Health System bank (DataSUS) and data provided through the Access to Information Act. 12 Access to the health system is also considered to be a common problem for black women who need to treat any pathology throughout their lives. 26 According to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, 80% of the population that only has the Unified Health System as an assistance plan is defined as black people, 26 which points to the sociodemographic and economic disparities existing in the Brazilian people.…”

“…12 Access to the health system is also considered to be a common problem for black women who need to treat any pathology throughout their lives. 26 According to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, 80% of the population that only has the Unified Health System as an assistance plan is defined as black people, 26 which points to the sociodemographic and economic disparities existing in the Brazilian people. 25,27 Thus, the need for action in the context of effective state intervention is evident to address the different health needs of black women and to address their most common health problems, ensuring their access to qualified health goods and services and enabling the early identification of vulnerabilities inherent to their ethnic and social segment, aiming at integral health care.…”