Khaya ivorensis (K. ivorensis), one of the most valuable tropical hardwood species indigenous to West and Central Africa, has been classified as a threatened tree species. However, information on its remaining population and distribution are limited. We mapped the current K. ivorensis spatial distribution, modelled the spatial autocorrelation and estimated its economic value using volume estimation and market pricing. The study was conducted in Odigbo and Irele local government areas (LGA), Ondo State, Nigeria. Spatially, localities of 97 K. ivorensis were identified across the study area and can be added into a wide range of datasets from local to global inventories. Large trees in diameter and height were statistically clustered in the north of Odigbo and assumed to relate with forest reserve management. Estimated median tree volumes were 0.39 m 3 and 0.31 m 3 in accordance with the allometric volume function and specific volume function, respectively. The economic values of wood varied approximately from US$111,208 to US$72,081. Findings from this study are a valuable resource for conserving this species and other threatened tree species. Recent international agreements under Sustainable Development Goal 15 (Target 15.5 of the UN Climate Summit 2014) and the New York Declaration on Forests take ambitious goals to at least halve the rate of loss of natural forests globally by 2020 and take action to end natural forest loss by 2030, as well as protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species 1,2. Khaya ivorensis (K. ivorensis), one of five species of African mahogany commonly found in coastal West Africa, Cote d'Ivoire through Ghana, and southern Nigeria to Cameroon, has been listed on the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species since 1998 3. With respect to IUCN criteria, this species meets the critical value for a threat status of A1 as 'vulnerable' and A2 as 'near extinct'. K. ivorensis declined by 48% between 2005 and 2015 and is anticipated to reach 432% reduction in the next decade 4. While K. ivorensis remains an important tree species, it is widely sought after in international timber markets and used for a wide range of consumption such as veneer, interior joinery, exterior joinery, boat building, and medicinal purposes 5. It is generally agreed that timber from man-made forests have lower yield and inferior wood quality compared to those from natural forests 6. Mahogany plantation is no exception. High exploitation rates, combined with little or no regeneration after disturbance, has led K. ivorensis to become an endangered tree species. Furthermore, the plantation establishment of this species has been largely unsuccessful because of shoot borer Hypsipyla robusta Moore attack 7. The shoot borer of these pest species destroys the leading shoot, resulting in poor form, and severe loss from stunted growth, which affect the quality and economic value of the timber 8,9. The Global Forest Watch, University of Maryland, and World Resources Institute point out that of the ten co...