Volatile production by ‘Golden Delicious’ apples is affected by preharvest application of aminoethoxyvinylglycine

Salas, Nicolás; Molina-Corral, Francisco Javier; González‐Aguilar, Gustavo A.; Otero, Andrés; Sepúlveda, D.R.; Olivas, Guadalupe I.

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2011.07.017

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…On the other hand, the combination AVG + ABS and AVG + 1-MCP blocked the enzyme activity; therefore, these treatments caused low IEC and ethylene production. Other researchers also found a reduction in IEC concentration when fruits were submitted to pre-harvest AVG application (Wang and Dilley, 2001;Salas et al, 2011) and postharvest 1-MCP (Watkins and Nock, 2012;Nock and Watkins, 2013).…”

Section: Quality Analysis After 8 Months Of Storagementioning

confidence: 86%

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine: isolated and combined with other growth regulators on quality of ‘Brookfield’ apples after storage

Brackmann

Thewes

Anese

et al. 2015

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Growth regulators are used in the production of apples worldwide, especially to extend the harvest period and maintain postharvest quality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of applying aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) in isolation as well as in combination with other growth regulators and postharvest techniques on the harvest quality and storage potential of 'Brookfield' apples (Malus domestica), a 'Gala' strain. Fruit receiving AVG only had the highest starch content and the highest titratable acidity at harvest. After 8 months of storage, the AVG + 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) and AVG + ABS (ethylene absorption) conserved higher flesh firmness than to all the other treatments. Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) application induced ACC oxidase enzyme activity at harvest, but not after storage. AVG application, with or without the aid of another technique, did not decrease the red skin color of 'Brookfield' apples. Low mealiness and a high healthy fruit percentage was obtained when the fruits were submitted to pre-harvest AVG application combined with NAA, 1-MCP and ABS. Internal carbon dioxide had an inverse correlation with the quantity of healthy fruit and was directly correlated with mealiness.Keywords: Malus domestica, postharvest quality, skin color, ethephon, naphthaleneacetic acid IntroductionThe application of growth regulators is necessary either to advance or to delay the fruit harvest in the field, due to the short period that fruit remains naturally at the correct maturation stage. Besides the short harvest period, another problem is that the harvest is carried out manually and requires a lot of time and manual labor. Thus, growth regulators are frequently used in the orchards.The main growth regulator applied in the field is aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) which is used to delay the harvest in order to avoid pre-harvest fruit drop (McFadyen et al., 2012;Yildiz et al., 2012). AVG blinds the active site of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) synthase enzyme and inhibits ethylene production and maturation events initiated by this plant hormone (Yu and Yang, 1979;Huai et al., 2001). Despite the benefits promoted by AVG application, it decreases the red skin color of 'Gala' apples (Malus domestica) (Steffens et al., 2006). However, this reduction of red skin color has not yet been proven in 'Gala' mutants.Another growth regulator used extensively is ethephon, mainly to advance the fruit harvest. Its application allows for an early harvest of the fruit, and also increases the red color of fruit skin Steffens et al., 2006;Ban et al., 2007). However, ethephon application may decrease organoleptic quality and decrease the storage potential of fruit after harvest, especially in terms of declines in flesh firmness (Steffens et al., 2006;Ban et al., 2007). As well as the application of ethephon, naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) is also used during apple production. Its application reduces pre-harvest fruit drop in apples (Yuan and Carbaugh, 2007; Unrath et al., 2009), oranges (Zur and Goren, 1977) ...

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Section: Quality Analysis After 8 Months Of Storagementioning

confidence: 86%

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine: isolated and combined with other growth regulators on quality of ‘Brookfield’ apples after storage

Brackmann

Thewes

Anese

et al. 2015

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…Table 2 shows the main aromatic volatile compounds in diff erent apple varieties. It shows that 2-methylbutyl acetate is the main ester in apples such as Bisbee Red Delicious (10), Redchief Delicious (35) and Fuji (48,123), whereas butyl acetate is the main ester in Golden Delicious (163,164), Royal Gala (165) and Mondial Gala apples (53,124).…”

Section: Preharvest Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1-MCP reduces the transcription and translation of the gene MdAAT2 in Golden Delicious apples with a subsequent decrease in the production of esters (127). Aminoethoxyvinylglycine, another inhibitor of ethylene production, has also been shown to reduce volatiles in apples (164,(177)(178)(179).…”

Section: Preharvest Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry of apple aroma: A review

Espino-Díaz¹,

Sepúlveda²,

González‐Aguilar

et al. 2016

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

146

134

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SummaryFlavour is a key quality att ribute of apples defi ned by volatile aroma compounds. Biosynthesis of aroma compounds involves metabolic pathways in which the main precursors are fatt y and amino acids, and the main products are aldehydes, alcohols and esters. Some enzymes are crucial in the production of volatile compounds, such as lipoxygenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and alcohol acyltransferase. Composition and concentration of volatiles in apples may be altered by pre-and postharvest factors that cause a decline in apple fl avour. Addition of biosynthetic precursors of volatile compounds may be a strategy to promote aroma production in apples. The present manuscript compiles information regarding the biosynthesis of volatile aroma compounds, including metabolic pathways, enzymes and substrates involved, factors that may aff ect their production and also includes a wide number of studies focused on the addition of biosynthetic precursors in their production.

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“…Aldehydes are very important ester precursors, due to the reason that they are the first step in these volatile compounds formation (SALLAS et al, 2011). These compounds can have three different origins: from fatty acids, proteins and carbohydrates (DIMICK et al, 1983).…”

Section: ------------------------------------------------------------mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apple aroma depends of complex interaction between amounts of organic compounds. These organic compounds are significantly affected by the cultivar, duration and storage method employed (BOTH et al, 2014), preharvest treatment (SALLAS et al, 2011) and 1-MCP application (KONDO et al, 2005). For apples of 'Gala' group, such as 'Royal Gala', the 2-methylbutyl acetate is the most important contributor to sensorial quality (YOUNG et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1-methylcyclopropene effects on volatile profile and quality of 'Royal Gala' apples produced in Southern Brazil and stored in controlled atmosphere

et al. 2015

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Apple volatile aroma depends of complex interaction among organic compounds. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application on volatile profile and quality on 'Royal Gala' apples produced in Southern Brazil and stored under controlled atmosphere condition (CA; 1.0kPa O2+1.2kPa CO2; 0.5±0.1°C; 94±1% relative humidity). Volatile profile was determined after eight month of CA storage plus 7 days of shelf life via solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer. In the volatile profile were identified 8 esters, 11 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 6 acids, 2 ketones, 1 ether and 1 terpene. 1-MCP application reduced significantly the main volatile compounds production by 'Royal Gala' apples produced in Southern Brazil. Its application decreases significantly the esters production, especially 2-methyl-butyl acetate and hexyl acetate, compared to 'Royal Gala' apples storage under CA. 1-methylcyclopropene application decrease ethylene production and respiration rate. Apples treated with 1-MCP exhibit higher hexanal and 2(E)-hexenal production.

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Volatile production by ‘Golden Delicious’ apples is affected by preharvest application of aminoethoxyvinylglycine

Cited by 35 publications

References 31 publications

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine: isolated and combined with other growth regulators on quality of ‘Brookfield’ apples after storage

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine: isolated and combined with other growth regulators on quality of ‘Brookfield’ apples after storage

Biochemistry of apple aroma: A review

1-methylcyclopropene effects on volatile profile and quality of 'Royal Gala' apples produced in Southern Brazil and stored in controlled atmosphere

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