VOC Loading from Marine Engines to a Multiple-use Lake

Heald, Prescott C.; Schladow, S. Geoffrey; Allen, Brant C.; Reuter, John E.

doi:10.1080/07438140509354410

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Boating Census. A detailed boating census utilized interviews with boat owners at the Donner Lake public launching ramp and binocular surveys of boating activity on the lake (6,7). Launching ramp information included boat registration numbers, type of engine, the type of boating activity and its duration, and estimated fuel use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling MTBE and BTEX in Lakes and Reservoirs Used for Recreational Boating

Heald

Schladow

Reuter

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is generally recognized that the bulk of fuel-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in lakes and reservoirs come from motorized recreational boating, but a quantitative connection between the two has been difficult to establish. A detailed boating use survey was conducted at a Northern California multiple-use lake, and the results were used to quantify daily methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) loading from recreational boating. A one-dimensional, process-based numerical model was used to predict VOC levels as a function of the number, type, and activity of marine engines using the lake, the vertical mixing dynamics of the lake, and the volatilization rates of the individual VOCs. The model was validated on two other reservoirs to establish its applicability under a range of climatic and boating conditions. The study further confirmed the link between motorized boating and surface-water VOC contamination. In addition, the results of this study suggest that volatilization alone is inadequate to describe the loss of volatile hydrocarbons from surface waters and that some combination of additional degradation processes is involved. Under low wind conditions, these degradation processes dominate the removal of MTBE. For toluene, these processes are always more dominant than volatilization. The mean relative percent difference (RPD) between measured and simulated VOC concentrations at the study site, accounting only for volatilization losses, was 50.6% for MTBE and 113% for toluene. A first-order submodel was implemented to account for losses other than volatilization, using decay coefficients estimated from the literature. The resulting mean RPDs between measured and modeled concentrations were 14.2% for MTBE and 4.5% for toluene.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling MTBE and BTEX in Lakes and Reservoirs Used for Recreational Boating

Heald

Schladow

Reuter

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The underestimation of simulated OC is also generally evident in regions outside Northeast Asia. Heald et al [15] showed that global atmospheric chemistry models systematically underpredicted OA concentrations in the free troposphere. Some studies have compared the performance of OA among models and against measurements [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Simulated PM2.5 Concentrations over Northeast Asia to Different Secondary Organic Aerosol Modules during the KORUS-AQ Campaign

Lee

Song

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A numerical sensitivity study on secondary organic aerosol formation has been carried out by employing the WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry). Two secondary organic aerosol formation modules, the Modal Aerosol Dynamics model for Europe/Volatility Basis Set (MADE/VBS) and the Modal Aerosol Dynamics model for Europe/Secondary Organic Aerosol Model (MADE/SORGAM) were employed in the WRF-Chem model, and surface PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in size) mass concentration and the composition of its relevant chemical sources, i.e., SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, and organic carbon (OC) were simulated during the Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign period (1 May to 12 June 2016). We classified the KORUS-AQ period into two cases, the stagnant period (16–21 May) which was dominated by local emission and the long-range transport period (25–31 May) which was affected by transport from the leeward direction, and focused on the differences in OC secondary aerosol formation between two modules over Northeast Asia. The simulated surface PM2.5 chemical components via the two modules showed the largest systematic biases in surface OC, with a mean bias of 4.5 μg m−3, and the second largest in SO42− abundance of 2.2 μg m−3 over Seoul. Compared with surface observations at two ground sites located near the western coastal Korean Peninsula, MADE/VBS exhibited the overpredictions in OC by 170–180%, whereas MADE/SORGAM showed underpredictions by 49–65%. OC and sulfate via MADE/VBS were simulated to be much higher than that simulated by MADE/SORGAM by a factor of 2.8–3.5 and 1.5–1.9, respectively. Model verification against KORUS-AQ aircraft measurements also showed large discrepancies in simulated non-surface OC between the two modules by a factor of five, with higher OC by MADE/VBS and lower IC by MADE/SORGAM, whereas much closer MADE/VBS simulations to the KORUS-AQ aircraft measurements were found. On the basis of the aircraft measurements, the aggregated bias (sum of four components) for PM2.5 mass concentrations from the MADE/VBS module indicated that the simulation was much closer to the measurements, nevertheless more elaborate analysis on the surface OC simulation performance would be needed to improve the ground results. Our findings show that significant inconsistencies are present in the secondary organic aerosol formation simulations, suggesting that PM2.5 forecasts should be considered with great caution, as well as in the context of policymaking in the Northeast Asia region.

show abstract

“…In modeling, biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) models have been applied in rural areas, and rather successfully simulated by many researchers [22][23][24][25]. Many studies showed high uncertainties in OA simulations over polluted regions based on using current modeling assumptions and the oxidation mechanisms of known VOCs precursors [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Thus, SOA is known to be enhanced by active photochemical reaction conditions under high temperature, which leads to an increase in O 3 concentration as well as higher probability of high PM 2.5 concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Sensitivity Tests of Volatile Organic Compounds Emission to PM2.5 Formation during Heat Wave Period in 2018 in Two Southeast Korean Cities

Yang

Lee

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A record-breaking severe heat wave was recorded in southeast Korea from 11 July to 15 August 2018, and the numerical sensitivity simulations of volatile organic compound (VOC) to secondarily generated particulate matter with diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) concentrations were studied in the Busan and Ulsan metropolitan areas in southeast Korea. A weather research and forecasting (WRF) model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) was employed, and we carried out VOC emission sensitivity simulations to investigate variations in PM2.5 concentrations during the heat wave period that occurred from 11 July to 15 August 2018. In our study, when anthropogenic VOC emissions from the Comprehensive Regional Emissions Inventory for Atmospheric Transport Experiment-2015 (CREATE-2015) inventory were increased by approximately a factor of five in southeast Korea, a better agreement with observations of PM2.5 mass concentrations was simulated, implying an underestimation of anthropogenic VOC emissions over southeast Korea. The simulated secondary organic aerosol (SOA) fraction, in particular, showed greater dominance during high temperature periods such as 19–21 July, 2018, with the SOA fractions of 42.3% (in Busan) and 34.3% (in Ulsan) among a sub-total of seven inorganic and organic components. This is considerably higher than observed annual mean organic carbon (OC) fraction (28.4 ± 4%) among seven components, indicating the enhancement of secondary organic aerosols induced by photochemical reactions during the heat wave period in both metropolitan areas. The PM2.5 to PM10 ratios were 0.69 and 0.74, on average, during the study period in the two cities. These were also significantly higher than the typical range in those cities, which was 0.5–0.6 in 2018. Our simulations implied that extremely high temperatures with no precipitation are significantly important to the secondary generation of PM2.5 with higher secondary organic aerosol fraction via photochemical reactions in southeastern Korean cities. Other possible relationships between anthropogenic VOC emissions and temperature during the heat wave episode are also discussed in this study.

show abstract

VOC Loading from Marine Engines to a Multiple-use Lake

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Modeling MTBE and BTEX in Lakes and Reservoirs Used for Recreational Boating

Modeling MTBE and BTEX in Lakes and Reservoirs Used for Recreational Boating

Sensitivity of Simulated PM2.5 Concentrations over Northeast Asia to Different Secondary Organic Aerosol Modules during the KORUS-AQ Campaign

Numerical Sensitivity Tests of Volatile Organic Compounds Emission to PM2.5 Formation during Heat Wave Period in 2018 in Two Southeast Korean Cities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About