Sensitivity of Simulated PM2.5 Concentrations over Northeast Asia to Different Secondary Organic Aerosol Modules during the KORUS-AQ Campaign

Lee, Hyo-Jung; Jo, Hyun‐Young; Song, Chang‐Keun; Jo, Yu‐Jin; Park, Shin-Young; Kim, Cheol‐Hee

doi:10.3390/atmos11091004

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This underestimation occurs due to uncertainty in estimating VOC volatility, which is related to the complex SOA generation mechanisms used for SOA simulation. Hence, the results of secondary OC formation simulations differ greatly according to the treatment of VOC volatility [31,33]. The underlying drivers of inter-model biases thus originate from the complexity of the SOA formation process, and the use of three different SOA formation modules in our study, as indicated in Table 1, might have directly caused the inter-model variability in OC distribution simulations (Figure 5).…”

Section: Concentrations Of Pm 25 and Its Chemical Componentsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Comparative Numerical Study of PM2.5 in Exit-and-Entrance Areas Associated with Transboundary Transport over China, Japan, and Korea

et al. 2021

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We report the results of year-long PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter) simulations over Northeast Asia for the base year of 2013 under the framework of the Long-range Transboundary Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia (LTP) project. LTP is a tripartite project launched by China, Japan, and Korea for cooperative monitoring and modeling of the long-range transport (LRT) of air pollutants. In the modeling aspect in the LTP project, each country’s modeling group employs its own original air quality model and options. The three regional air quality models employed by the modeling groups are WRF-CAMx, NHM-RAQM2, and WRF-CMAQ. PM2.5 concentrations were simulated in remote exit-and-entrance areas associated with the LRT process over China, Japan, and Korea. The results showed apparent bias that remains unexplored due to a series of uncertainties from emission estimates and inherent model limitations. The simulated PM10 levels at seven remote exit-and-entrance sites were underestimated with the normalized mean bias of 0.4 ± 0.2. Among the four chemical components of PM2.5 (SO42−, NO3−, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC)), the largest inter-model variability was in OC, with the second largest discrepancy in NO3−. Our simulation results also indicated that under considerable SO42− levels, favorable environments for ammonium nitrate formation were found in exit-and-entrance areas between China and Korea, and gas-aerosol partitioning for semi-volatile species of ammonium nitrate could be fully achieved prior to arrival at the entrance areas. Other chemical characteristics, including NO3−/SO42− and OC/EC ratios, are discussed to diagnose the LRT characteristics of PM2.5 in exit-and-entrance areas associated with transboundary transport over China, Japan, and Korea.

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Section: Concentrations Of Pm 25 and Its Chemical Componentsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Comparative Numerical Study of PM2.5 in Exit-and-Entrance Areas Associated with Transboundary Transport over China, Japan, and Korea

et al. 2021

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“…Detailed model evaluations for several models (including our simulations) during KORUS-AQ are found in Park et al ( 2021) [40]. The results of the comparisons of the WRF-Chem with DC-8 aircraft measurements during the KORUS-AQ campaign period for some case studies can be also found elsewhere [47,48].…”

Section: Park Et Al (2021)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Satellite-Based Diagnosis and Numerical Verification of Ozone Formation Regimes over Nine Megacities in East Asia

et al. 2022

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Urban photochemical ozone (O3) formation regimes (NOx- and VOC-limited regimes) at nine megacities in East Asia were diagnosed based on near-surface O3 columns from 900 to 700 hPa, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and formaldehyde (HCHO), which were inferred from measurements by ozone-monitoring instruments (OMI) for 2014–2018. The nine megacities included Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Shanghai, Seoul, Busan, Tokyo, and Osaka. The space-borne HCHO–to–NO2 ratio (FNR) inferred from the OMI was applied to nine megacities and verified by a series of sensitivity tests of Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) simulations by halving the NOx and VOC emissions. The results showed that the satellite-based FNRs ranged from 1.20 to 2.62 and the regimes over the nine megacities were identified as almost NOx-saturated conditions, while the domain-averaged FNR in East Asia was >2. The results of WRF–Chem sensitivity modeling show that O3 increased when the NOx emissions reduced, whereas VOC emission reduction showed a significant decrease in O3, confirming the characteristics of VOC-limited conditions in all of the nine megacities. When both NOx and VOC emissions were reduced, O3 decreased in most cities, but increased in the three lowest-FNRs megacities, such as Shanghai, Seoul, and Tokyo, where weakened O3 titration caused by NOx reduction had a larger enough effect to offset O3 suppression induced by the decrease in VOCs. Our model results, therefore, indicated that the immediate VOC emission reduction is a key controlling factor to decrease megacity O3 in East Asia, and also suggested that both VOC and NOx reductions may not be of broad utility in O3 abatement in megacities and should be considered judiciously in highly NOx-saturated cities in East Asia.

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“…The Wintertime Investigation of Transport, Emission, and Reactivity observations (WINTER, https://data.eol.ucar.edu/dataset/483.025, last access: 14 June 2022) are mainly carried out over the sea and land of the eastern US (Green et al., 2019). The International Cooperative Air Quality Field Study in Korea (KORUS‐AQ, https://espo.nasa.gov/korus-aq/content/KORUS-AQ, last access: 14 June 2022) is concentrated around South Korea (Lee et al., 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement and Uncertainties of Global Simulation of Sulfate Concentration and Radiative Forcing in CESM2

Liu

Shi

et al. 2022

JGR Atmospheres

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Sulfate is one of the major species of aerosol. Both natural sources (such as oxidation of dimethyl sulfur [DMS]) over the ocean and anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) are important sources of sulfate (Hussain & Lun, 2019;Sanchez et al., 2018;Yan & Xu, 2021). Human industrial activities have increased significantly since the industrial era, and the gas-phase, liquid-phase and surface heterogeneous oxidations of SO 2 have gradually accounted for the main sources of sulfate (B. Liu et al., 2017;Xue et al., 2016). As an important component of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), sulfate at high concentrations will aggravate the formation of haze, thus causing serious air pollution and influencing human health (Sha et al., 2019;B. Zheng et al., 2015;Zhou et al., 2020). Moreover, sulfate is also one of the main species of acid deposition, reducing the pH values of rain droplets and aggravating acid rain (M. Liu et al., 2020;Lu et al., 2015;. At the same time, sulfate is also the main component of cloud condensation nuclei, which affects microphysical processes, including the formation of clouds and precipitation, thus affecting solar radiation and climate (Cziczo et al., 2013). Furthermore, sulfate itself is also one of the key short-lived species that has negative radiative forcing (RF),

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Sensitivity of Simulated PM2.5 Concentrations over Northeast Asia to Different Secondary Organic Aerosol Modules during the KORUS-AQ Campaign

Cited by 20 publications

References 52 publications

Comparative Numerical Study of PM2.5 in Exit-and-Entrance Areas Associated with Transboundary Transport over China, Japan, and Korea

Comparative Numerical Study of PM2.5 in Exit-and-Entrance Areas Associated with Transboundary Transport over China, Japan, and Korea

Satellite-Based Diagnosis and Numerical Verification of Ozone Formation Regimes over Nine Megacities in East Asia

Improvement and Uncertainties of Global Simulation of Sulfate Concentration and Radiative Forcing in CESM2

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