Vitamin K and Calcium Chelation in Vascular Health

Aaseth, Jan O.; Alehagen, Urban; Opstad, Trine Baur; Alexander, Jan

doi:10.3390/biomedicines11123154

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 97 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Most commonly, vitamin K2 exists in the form of menaquinone-4 to -10 (often denoted MK-4, to MK-10, respectively) [25], where the numbers (n in Figure 1) indicate the number of isoprenyl groups at C3 position. [26]. Vitamin K is a cofactor for an endoplasmic reticulum carboxylase that operates by activating some glutamic acid containing proteins (glu-proteins) into gamma-carboxyglutamic acid containing proteins (gla-proteins).…”

Section: Vitamin K As Activator Of Osteocalcin and The Bone Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, bone density decreases with age, a process that is usually paralleled by increased vascular calcification [26,30]. A parallel phenomenon is a declining in vitamin K status that has been observed to result in a low ratio of carboxylated (cOC) to undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) [31].…”

Section: Observational and Interventional And Studies On Vitamin K An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that the vitamins K and D from food and supplements are incorporated into mixed micelles of lipids in the small intestines via the action of bile and pancreatic enzymes. The vitamins are absorbed together with the lipoid compounds in the small intestine [26,76].…”

Section: Dietary Sources and Pharmacokinetics Of The Vitamins K And Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Importance of Vitamin K and the Vitamins K and D Combined for the Calcium Metabolism and Bone Health: A Review

Aaseth,

Finnes,

Askim

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the present review is to discuss the roles of vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent proteins, and the combined action of the vitamins K and D, for maintenance of bone health. The most relevant vitamin K-dependent proteins in this respect are osteocalcin and matrix Gla-protein (MGP). When carboxylated these proteins appear to have the ability to chelate and import calcium from the blood to the bone, thereby reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Carboxylated osteocalcin appears to contribute directly to bone quality and strength. Adequate vitamin K status is required for carboxylation of MGP and osteocalcin. In addition, vitamin K acts on bone metabolism by other mechanism, such as a ligand for the nuclear steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR). In this narrative review, we examine the evidence for increased bone mineralization through dietary adequacy of vitamin K (phylloquinone or menaquinone). Summarizing the evidence for a synergistic effect of vitamin K and vitamin D3 we find that an adequate supply of vitamin K on top of an optimal vitamin D status seems to add to the benefit for maintaining bone health. More research related to synergism and possible mechanisms of vitamins D3 and K interaction in bone health is needed.

show abstract

Section: Vitamin K As Activator Of Osteocalcin and The Bone Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Observational and Interventional And Studies On Vitamin K An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Importance of Vitamin K and the Vitamins K and D Combined for the Calcium Metabolism and Bone Health: A Review

Aaseth,

Finnes,

Askim

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This post-translational process is involved in the biological activation of VKDPs, of which Gas6 is a member. The resulting Gla residues in VKDPs are able to form calcium-binding groups via chelation [19], which is essential for binding to membrane phospholipids and modulating the protein's physiological function [20,21]. In the case of Gas6, this translates to its ability to activate TAM receptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Gas6 Protein in the Brain by a Functional Endogenous Tissue Vitamin K Cycle

Aydin,

Ouliass,

Ferland

et al. 2024

Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The TAM receptor ligand Gas6 is known for regulating inflammatory and immune pathways in various organs including the brain. Gas6 becomes fully functional through the post-translational modification of multiple glutamic acid residues into γ-carboxyglutamic in a vitamin K-dependent manner. However, the significance of this mechanism in the brain is not known. We report here the endogenous expression of multiple components of the vitamin K cycle within the mouse brain at various ages as well as in distinct brain glial cells. The brain expression of all genes was increased in the postnatal ages, mirroring their profiles in the liver. In microglia, the proinflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide caused the downregulation of all key vitamin K cycle genes. A secreted Gas6 protein was detected in the medium of both mouse cerebellar slices and brain glial cell cultures. Furthermore, the endogenous Gas6 γ-carboxylation level was abolished through incubation with the vitamin K antagonist warfarin and could be restored through co-incubation with vitamin K1. Finally, the γ-carboxylation level of the Gas6 protein within the brains of warfarin-treated rats was found to be significantly reduced ex vivo compared to the control brains. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time the existence of a functional vitamin K cycle within rodent brains, which regulates the functional modification of endogenous brain Gas6. These results indicate that vitamin K is an important nutrient for the brain. Furthermore, the measurement of vitamin K-dependent Gas6 functionality could be an indicator of homeostatic or disease mechanisms in the brain, such as in neurological disorders where Gas6/TAM signalling is impaired.

show abstract

The Importance of Vitamin K and the Combination of Vitamins K and D for Calcium Metabolism and Bone Health: A Review

Aaseth,

Finnes,

Askim

et al. 2024

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the present review is to discuss the roles of vitamin K (phylloquinone or menaquinones) and vitamin K-dependent proteins, and the combined action of the vitamins K and D, for the maintenance of bone health. The most relevant vitamin K-dependent proteins in this respect are osteocalcin and matrix Gla-protein (MGP). When carboxylated, these proteins appear to have the ability to chelate and import calcium from the blood to the bone, thereby reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Carboxylated osteocalcin appears to contribute directly to bone quality and strength. An adequate vitamin K status is required for the carboxylation of MGP and osteocalcin. In addition, vitamin K acts on bone metabolism by other mechanisms, such as menaquinone 4 acting as a ligand for the nuclear steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR). In this narrative review, we examine the evidence for increased bone mineralization through the dietary adequacy of vitamin K. Summarizing the evidence for a synergistic effect of vitamin K and vitamin D3, we find that an adequate supply of vitamin K, on top of an optimal vitamin D status, seems to add to the benefit of maintaining bone health. More research related to synergism and the possible mechanisms of vitamins D3 and K interaction in bone health is needed.

show abstract

Vitamin K and Calcium Chelation in Vascular Health

Cited by 4 publications

References 97 publications

The Importance of Vitamin K and the Vitamins K and D Combined for the Calcium Metabolism and Bone Health: A Review

The Importance of Vitamin K and the Vitamins K and D Combined for the Calcium Metabolism and Bone Health: A Review

Modification of Gas6 Protein in the Brain by a Functional Endogenous Tissue Vitamin K Cycle

The Importance of Vitamin K and the Combination of Vitamins K and D for Calcium Metabolism and Bone Health: A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About