Vitamin D2 protects acute and repeated noise stress induced behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological alterations: Possible antioxidant effect

Abstract

Noise is an environmental stressor which causes distress and hearing loss in individuals residing in urban areas. Psychological deficits such as anxiety, depression, impaired memory and cognitive decline are caused by noise stress. Different vitamins have been used as a potential antioxidant for neuronal protection. In this study we investigate the anxiolytic, antidepressant and memory enhancing effect of vitamin D2 (Vit D2) following noise stress. Thirty-six albino rats were randomly divided into six groups. (i) Unstressed + corn oil (ii) Unstressed + Vit D2 (iii) Acute noise stress + corn oil (iv) Acute noise stress + Vit D2 (v) Repeated noise stress + corn oil (vi) Repeated noise stress + Vit D2 . 600 IU/kg body weight of Vit D2 dosage was prepared in corn oil. Corn oil is used as vehicle and all the drugs administered via oral gavage till end of the experiment (day 16). Recorded sound of generator which was amplified by speakers and had 100 dB intensity was used as noise stress. Repeated stressed animals were exposed to noise (4-hrs) daily for 14 days, while acute stressed animals were exposed to noise (4-hrs) once after 14 days. Behavioral tests (elevated plus maze, light dark box, tail suspension test and Morris water maze) of all groups were performed after15 days treatment period. After behavioral tests rats received their last dosage and decapitated after 1-hr. Brain of all animals was removed and used for biochemical (oxidative stress biomarker, antioxidant enzymes and acetylcholinesterase) and histopathological estimations. Results show that Vit D2 decreased time spent in light box and open arm of light dark activity box and elevated plus maze test respectively (used for anxiety evaluation), decreased immobility time in tail suspension test (for depression) and improved cognitive ability evaluated by Morris water maze test in acute and repeated noise stressed rats. Furthermore, increased antioxidant enzymes activity, decreased lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase activity were also observed in Vit D2 treated animals following acute and repeated noise stress. Normalization in histopathological studies was also observed in Vit D2 treated following acute and repeated noise stress. It is concluded that Vit D2 protects from noise stress induced behavioral, biochemical and histopathological impairment through its antioxidant potential.

Conocarpus lancifolius (Combretaceae): Pharmacological Effects, LC-ESI-MS/MS Profiling and In Silico Attributes

“…The acute NS-induced model of Samad et al [ 20 ] was used with slight adjustments to assess the protective outcomes of CLAE following the NS-induced behavioral and cognitive deficits in SD male rats (weighing 150–200 g). For this experiment, thirty arbitrarily selected rats were divided into five groups ( n = 5 in each group).…”

“…The noise level was set to 100 dB (3 KHz). A sound level meter (Smart Tools Co., Saitama, Japan; Range: 80–120 dB) with an accuracy of 30 Hz (±1.3 dB) was used to monitor the sound intensity [ 20 ].…”

“…Several scientific studies have shown that chemo-deterrence using medicinal herbs can be used to counteract and neutralize various ROS-induced cellular damages because these herbs contain a variety of natural antioxidants including polyphenols, especially flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, stilbenes, etc., which provide a defense mechanism against multiple life-threatening disorders, such as atherosclerosis, cancer, MI, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [ 10 , 11 ]. Therefore, in today’s era, the therapeutic importance of plant medicines fosters the need to hunt for new medicinal agents capable of slowing the progression of numerous CVDs [ 12 , 13 ] and neurological disorders [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

“…Based on previous research, a range of medicinal plants with noteworthy antioxidative capabilities have been evaluated for their role in the medication therapy of several CVDs such as angina pectoris, cerebral insufficiency and MI [ 2 , 12 , 13 ] and NS-induced anxiety, depression and cognitive dysfunction [ 3 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. However, despite the prodigious biological profile of C. lancifolius , no scientific research has been conducted to determine its preventive effects on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced chronic MI and NS-induced anxiety, depression-like behavior and memory impairment.…”

The role of vitamin D deficiency in the development of paediatric diseases

“…In recent years, people gradually paid more attention to the researches on VitD2. Studies have shown that oral administration of VitD2 in rats had anti-anxiety, anti-depressant and memory-enhancing effects after noise stimulation [ 13 ]. According to Balachandar, VitD3 had higher efficacy in improving total 25(OH)D and reducing serum parathyroid level, comparing to VitD2 [ 14 ].…”