“…In addition, intoxication of D-gal can cause alteration at central and peripheral levels ( Samad et al, 2019 ). Administration of D-Gal causes depression ( Samad et al, 2019 , Liaquat et al, 2019 ), anxiety ( Samad et al, 2022a , Samad et al, 2022b , Samad et al, 2022c , Hakimizadeh et al, 2021 ) and impaired cognition ( Ali et al, 2021 , Yang et al, 2016 ). Previously it was observed that increased ROS contents can cause neuro-inflammation and dysregulation of apoptosis and various neural proteins such as brain derived neuro-trophic factor, which associated with memory alterations ( Gao et al, 2022 ).…”