Vitamin D Toxicity

Lim, Kenneth; Thadhani, Ravi

doi:10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2019-0192

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Toxicity is related to high calcium levels; 25(OH)D levels higher than 150 ng/ml in conjunction with high calcium levels produce weakness, GI symptoms and accompanying weight loss, arrhythmias, confusion, and kidney damage (28,88,92). Historically, toxic levels of vitamin D (>150 ng/ml) have almost exclusively been the result of industrial errors (inaccurate doses in supplements or fortified foods), and the few cases of toxicity from extremely high doses being intentionally taken for prolonged periods of time (sometimes under the direction of a health care practitioner) were rarely severe (94,95).…”

Section: Controversy Concerning Risk Of Overdosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although vitamin D toxicity is extremely rare, considering the recent spate of chloroquine overdoses due to panic from COVID-19, recommendations include cautioning the public that excessive artificial supplementation can lead to serious harm (94,225,249,250). Suresh noted that in India, vitamin D deficiency is due in large part to calcium deficiency, which must therefore also be addressed (234).…”

Section: Covid-19-specific Recommendations Of Expertsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Basic Review of the Preliminary Evidence That COVID-19 Risk and Severity Is Increased in Vitamin D Deficiency

Benskin

2020

Front. Public Health

127

130

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As the world's attention has been riveted upon the growing COVID-19 pandemic, many researchers have written brief reports supporting the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency is related to the incidence and severity of COVID-19. The clear common thread among the top risk groups-vitamin D deficiency-may be being overlooked because of previous overstated claims of vitamin D benefits. However, the need to decrease COVID-19 fatalities among high-risk populations is urgent. Early researchers reported three striking patterns. Firstly, the innate immune system is impaired by vitamin D deficiency, which would predispose sufferers to viral infections such as COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency also increases the activity of the X-chromosome-linked "Renin-Angiotensin" System, making vitamin D deficient individuals (especially men) more susceptible to COVID-19's deadly "cytokine storm" (dramatic immune system overreaction). Secondly, the groups who are at highest risk for severe COVID-19 match those who are at highest risk for severe vitamin D deficiency. This includes the elderly, men, ethnic groups whose skin is naturally rich in melanin (if living outside the tropics), those who avoid sun exposure for cultural and health reasons, those who live in institutions, the obese, and/or those who suffer with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes. And thirdly, the pattern of geographical spread of COVID-19 reflects higher population vitamin D deficiency. Both within the USA and throughout the world, COVID-19 fatality rates parallel vitamin D deficiency rates. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Google Scholar, and RSMLDS, with targeted Google searches providing additional sources. Although randomized controlled trial results may be available eventually, the correlational and causal study evidence supporting a link between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 risks is already so strong that it supports action. The 141 author groups writing primarily about biological plausibility detailed how vitamin D deficiency can explain every risk factor and every complication of COVID-19, but agreed that other factors are undoubtedly at work. COVID-19 was compared with dengue fever, for which oral vitamin D supplements of 4,000 IU for 10 days were significantly more effective than 1,000 IU in reducing virus replication and controlling the "cytokine storm" (dramatic immune system over-reaction) responsible for fatalities. Among the 47 original research studies summarized here, chart reviews found that serum vitamin D levels predicted COVID-19 mortality Benskin Evidence Linking Vitamin D, COVID-19 rates (16 studies) and linearly predicted COVID-19 illness severity (8 studies). Two causal modeling studies and several analyses of variance strongly supported the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency is a causal, rather than a bystander, factor in COVID-19 outcomes. Three of the four studies whose findings opposed the hypothesis relied upon disproven assumptions. The literature review also found that prophylactically correcting possible ...

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Section: Controversy Concerning Risk Of Overdosementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Covid-19-specific Recommendations Of Expertsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Basic Review of the Preliminary Evidence That COVID-19 Risk and Severity Is Increased in Vitamin D Deficiency

Benskin

2020

Front. Public Health

127

130

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“…There were no reported complications following vitamin D administration in this study. Some previous studies reported complications that occurred from iatrogenic accidental overdoses [ 22 ]. The clinical presentation of vitamin D toxicity may range from asymptomatic to life-threatening features resulting from persistent, prolonged hypercalcemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of vitamin D supplementation in carpal tunnel syndrome treatment outcomes: a systematic review

2021

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Purpose Vitamin D deficiency is related to carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms. Correcting vitamin D levels by supplementation was supposed to improve carpel tunnel symptoms, though there is a lack of aggregated data about treatment outcomes. This study aimed to examine whether vitamin D supplementation could improve the treatment outcomes in carpal tunnel syndrome patients. Methods A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for articles on vitamin D and carpel tunnel syndrome from January 2000 to March 2021 was performed. The article screening and data extraction were performed by two investigators independently with blinding to decisions on selected studies. All included studies had assessed the quality of evidence using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) scoring system. Results We retrieved four studies that met the eligibility criteria. The treatment outcomes were evaluated by visual analog scale (124 wrists), functional scores (176 patients), muscle strength (84 patients), and nerve conduction velocity (216 wrists). After vitamin D supplementation, two studies reported improved pain scores and nerve conduction velocity, and three studies showed enhancement of functional status. Conclusion Vitamin D administration could offer favorable outcomes in pain improvement, better functional status, and increased sensory conduction velocity in carpal tunnel syndrome. However, there is to date no recommendations concerning a standardized dose or duration of vitamin D administration in carpal tunnel syndrome; prescribing vitamin D at the usual appropriate dose is suggested as an additional treatment in patients with mild to moderate carpel tunnel symptoms. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic study

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“…Ниркові симптоми включають гіперкальціурію як першу ознаку, поліурію, полідипсію, дегідратацію, нефрокальциноз та ниркову недостатність. Інші симптоми токсичності вітаміну D, спричинені гіперкальціємією, включають стрічкову кератопатію, втрату слуху та періартикулярний кальциноз [33][34][35].…”

Section: синдром токсичности витамина D: взгляд токсикологаunclassified

“…Renal symptoms include hypercalciuria as the first sign, polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, nephrocalcinosis, and renal failure. Other symptoms of vitamin D toxicity caused by hypercalcemia include tape keratopathy, hearing loss, and periarticular calcification [33][34][35].…”

Section: синдром токсичности витамина D: взгляд токсикологаmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D toxicity syndrome: a toxicologist's view

Padalka

Kurdil

Zinovieva

et al. 2021

OHNPU

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Vitamin D-related health problems remain a global health problem. The growing number of prescriptions of vitamin D by doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in self-intake of vitamin D by the population carries the risk of exogenous hypervitaminosis D, or a syndrome known as vitamin D toxicity. Aim: to summarize the results of scientific research on the vitamin D toxicity, and some aspects related to its overdose. Material and Methods: used methods of content analysis, system and comparative analysis; materials of scientific reviews and separate researches devoted to biochemistry and toxicology of vitamin D (Elsevier, PubMed, ToxNet) with depth of search to 20 years. Results and Discussion. Due to the well-known health risks of vitamin D deficiency, it has become a popular dietary supplement, as evidenced by the progressive growth of both thematic scientific publications (PubMed) and its consumption in many countries around the world. The use of pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements is the most common cause of overdose. A review of cases of vitamin D toxicity caused by errors in prescribing or administering the required dose has shown that they may occasionally be accompanied by the development of intoxication. There are many forms of exogenous and endogenous vitamin D toxicity syndrome. Vitamin D toxicity syndrome includes the following symptoms: loss of consciousness, apathy, intermittent vomiting, abdominal pain, polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, and hypercalcemia, which, although uncommon, can be life-threatening if not detected timely, and is an important symptom in the differential diagnosis in patients with hypercalcemia. Despite differing opinions on the target concentration of 25(OH)D or recommended doses of vitamin D for the general population, it was determined that the concentration of 25 (OH) D> 150 ng/ml is a significant risk of developing vitamin D toxicity syndrome, and vitamin D deficiency treatment regimens at high doses require regular monitoring. Conclusions: There is a growing public awareness of the health benefits of vitamin D; however, the increase in its consumption carries, inter alia, the risk of a specific syndrome ‒ the vitamin D toxicity. Family physicians should be informed about the danger of exceeding the recommended (age and body weight) doses, and carry out explanatory work with the public to raise awareness of adverse effects vitamin D overdose. Key Words: vitamin D, toxicity.

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Vitamin D Toxicity

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

A Basic Review of the Preliminary Evidence That COVID-19 Risk and Severity Is Increased in Vitamin D Deficiency

A Basic Review of the Preliminary Evidence That COVID-19 Risk and Severity Is Increased in Vitamin D Deficiency

The effects of vitamin D supplementation in carpal tunnel syndrome treatment outcomes: a systematic review

Vitamin D toxicity syndrome: a toxicologist's view

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