Vitamin D deficiency and coronary artery disease: A review of the evidence

Kunadian, Vijay; Ford, Gary A.; Bawamia, Bilal; Qiu, Weiliang; Manson, JoAnn E.

doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.11.012

Cited by 150 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Stariji bolesnici koji su preboljeli akutni koronarni sindrom imaju teaee kliniËke posljedice πto je vezano uz brojne komorbiditete, ali i uz malnutriciju, a sniaeene koncentracije vitamina D se takoer spominju kao jedan od bitnih Ëimbeni-ka. Niske vrijednosti vitamina D se povezuju s pojaËanim odlaganjem kacija u koronarnim arterijama, oπteÊenom funkcijom endotela i poveÊanim vaskularnim otporom 46,47,68 . Chen i sur.…”

Section: Vitamin D I Koronarna Bolest Srcaunclassified

“…UnatoË dosadaπnjim istraaeivanjima, samo nekoliko randomiziranih kontroliranih studija je prouËavalo uËinke dodatka vitamina D na prevenciju SAEB. VeÊina istraaeivanja je prouËa-vala uËinke niskih doza vitamina D na populaciji relativno niskog rizika 68 . Potrebna su daljnja istraaeivanja na starijoj populaciji visokog rizika s akutnim koronarnim sindromom kako bi se potvrdila uËinkovitost vitamina D u prevenciji.…”

Section: Vitamin D and Coronary Heart Diseaseunclassified

“…Despite previous trials, only a few randomized controlled trials studied the effects of the addition of vitamin D to prevent CVDs. Most trials studied the effects of low doses of vitamin D on the population of a relatively low risk 68 .Further trials are needed on elderly populations with a high risk of acute coronary syndrome in order to verify the effectiveness of vitamin D in prevention.…”

Section: Zakljuëakmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elderly patients who have a history of acute coronary syndrome suffer from severe clinical consequences, which is related to a number of comorbidities, but also to malnutrition, whereas reduced concentrations of vitamin D are also mentioned as one of the important factors. Low levels of vitamin D are associated with an increased depositing of calcium in the coronary arteries, impaired endothelial function and increased vascular resistance 46,47,68 . Chen and et.…”

Section: Vitamin D and Coronary Heart Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases

Josipović¹,

Pavlović²

2014

Cardiol Croat.

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Cardiologia CROATICA UvodKlasiËna uloga vitamina D je poveÊanje apsorpcije kalcija u crijevima . Istraaeivanja su pokazala da manjak vitamina D uzrokuje poveÊanje rizika od razvoja srËanoaeilnih bolesti (SAEB). NaËin na koji vitamin D πtiti pojedinca od SAEB nije do kraja istraaeen. Postoje mnoge teorije, ukljuËujuÊi negativnu regulaciju renina i time sniaeavanje arterijskog tlaka (AT), sniaeavanje razine paratiroidnog hormona (PTH) i poboljπanje kontrole glikemije (Tablica 1). Fiziologija vitamina DVitamin D se pojavljuje u dva oblika: vitamin D2 (ergokalciferol) i vitamin D3 (kolekalciferol). Vitamin D2 koji se nalazi u biljkama i kvascu, proizvod je djelovanja ultraljubiËastih zraka na ergosterol dok se vitamin D3 nalazi u masnoj ribi i ulju dobivenom iz bakalarove jetre te maslacu. Vrlo su male koliËine u mesu, kravljem i ljudskom mlijeku. Vitamin D iz hrane apsorbira se u tankom crijevu ovisno o apsorpciji lipida i hilomikronima prelazi u limfu i u krv te u jetru. OpÊenito se apsorbira 50% vitamina D uneπenog hranom (Slika 1).

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Section: Vitamin D I Koronarna Bolest Srcaunclassified

Section: Vitamin D and Coronary Heart Diseaseunclassified

Section: Zakljuëakmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vitamin D and Coronary Heart Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases

Josipović¹,

Pavlović²

2014

Cardiol Croat.

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“…The observation that people living at higher altitudes have a higher incidence of essential HTN during the winter raised the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to essential HTN [72,73]. There is an inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and HTN incidence, with an odds ratio of 0.73 for the highest versus the lowest category of blood 25(OH)D. In patients with HTN exposed to sufficient sunlight, the 25(OH)D levels were upregulated and subsequently BP was normal [73].…”

Section: Vitamin D and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleiotropic Effects of Vitamin D in Kidney Disease

Wu¹,

Lu²

2017

A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D - Clinical Overview

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Vitamin D is metabolized in the liver and kidneys and then converted to the active form, 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1.25(OH)2D]. Chronic kidney disease patients usually lack both 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1.25(OH)2D due to impaired renal function and 1α-hydroxylase deficiency. Chronic kidney disease patients have a high incidence of cardiovascular and infectious morbidities. Increasing evidence indicates a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular and infectious mortality risks. Vitamin D may have significant biological effects beyond its traditional roles on mineral and bone metabolism. Many extrarenal cells have the capability to produce local active 1.25(OH)2D in an intracrine or paracrine fashion. Vitamin D has a significant association with nonskeletal diseases, such as immunodeficiency, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, proteinuria, and acute kidney injury. This article aims to review and summarize the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D in patients with kidney disease, particularly the immunological, metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal effects.

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Noteworthy idiosyncrasies of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D₃ kinetics for extrapolation from mouse to man: Commentary

Noh

Yang

Sekhon

et al. 2020

Biopharm & Drug Disp

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Calcitriol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ] is the active ligand of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that plays a vital role in health and disease. Vitamin D is converted to the relatively inactive metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 [25(OH)D 3 ], by CYP27A1 and CYP2R1 in the liver, then to 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 by a specific, mitochondrial enzyme, CYP27B1 (1α-hydroxylase) that is present primarily in the kidney. The degradation of both metabolites is mostly carried out by the more ubiquitous mitochondrial enzyme, CYP24A1. Despite the fact that calcitriol inhibits its formation and degradation, allometric scaling revealed strong interspecies correlation of the net calcitriol clearance (CL estimated from dose/AUC ∞ ), production rate (PR), and basal, plasma calcitriol concentration with body weight (BW). PBPK-PD (physiologically based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic) modeling confirmed the dynamic interactions between calcitriol and Cyp27b1/Cyp24a1 on the decrease in the PR and increase in CL in mice. Close scrutiny of the literature revealed that basal levels of calcitriol had not been taken into consideration for estimating the correct AUC ∞ and CL after exogenous calcitriol dosing in both animals and humans, leading to an overestimation of AUC ∞ and underestimation of the plasma CL. In humans, CL was decreased in chronic kidney disease but increased in cancer. Collectively, careful pharmacokinetic data analysis and improved definition are achieved with PBPK-PD modeling, which embellishes the complexity of dose, enzyme regulation, and disease conditions. Allometric scaling and PBPK-PD modeling were applied successfully to extend the PBPK model to predict calcitriol kinetics in cancer patients. K E Y W O R D Sallometric scaling, calcitriol or 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , CYP24A1, CYP27B1, pharmacokinetics

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Vitamin D deficiency and coronary artery disease: A review of the evidence

Cited by 150 publications

References 55 publications

Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases

Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases

Pleiotropic Effects of Vitamin D in Kidney Disease

Noteworthy idiosyncrasies of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D₃ kinetics for extrapolation from mouse to man: Commentary

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Vitamin D deficiency and coronary artery disease: A review of the evidence

Cited by 150 publications

References 55 publications

Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases

Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases

Pleiotropic Effects of Vitamin D in Kidney Disease

Noteworthy idiosyncrasies of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 kinetics for extrapolation from mouse to man: Commentary

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Noteworthy idiosyncrasies of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D₃ kinetics for extrapolation from mouse to man: Commentary