Visuospatial imagery is a fruitful strategy for the digit span backward task: a study with near-infrared optical tomography

Distinguishing between Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease by Means of the WAIS: A Meta-analysis

“…These tests, but not the other WAIS subtests, were also found to have the strongest loading on the same single factor (Ardila, Galeano & Rosselli, 1998) and do represent the Performance subscale of the WAIS, which supports that these tests measure overlapping cognitive abilities. With regard to the Digit Span test, studies do favour a key element of executive/frontal processes in the backward and much less or not in the forward version of this test (Hoshi et al, 2000;Leskelä et al, 1999). Therefore we expect more impairment in the VaD group on the backward version only.…”

The effects of frontal lobe functioning and age on veridical and false recall

“…Although the frontal battery seems to be a valuable classification tool for both younger and older adults, it is obviously an indirect measure of frontal lobe function at best (although neuroimaging studies that have investigated some of the component tests used in the Glisky battery revealed activation in the frontal lobes, particularly regions within the prefrontal cortex [Cabeza & Nyberg, 2000;Hoshi et al, 2000;Smith, Taylor, Brammer, & Rubia, 2004;Warburton el al., 1996]). Indeed, these tests may better be viewed as measurements of executive control.…”

Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy reveals reduced prefrontal activation in schizophrenia patients during performance of the kana Stroop task

“…Between-group non paired sample t-tests were performed for each of the four task conditions. Changes in oxy Hb concentration, which is the most sensitive indicator of changes in rCBF (25), were recorded from pre-task baseline. The peak change in oxyHb concentration in each task condition was recorded for each subject.…”