Visual Signals Vertically Extend the Perceptual Span in Searching a Text: A Gaze-Contingent Window Study

Cauchard, Fabrice; Eyrolle, Hélène; Cellier, Jean-Marie; Hyönä, Jukka

doi:10.1080/01638531003628791

Cited by 12 publications

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“…They have been shown to aid performance on reading tasks that focus on the identification of major text topics and their organization, such as summarization (Lorch & Lorch, 1996a; and outlining (Brooks, Dansereau, Spurlin, & Holley, 1983;Lorch et al, 2011a;Lorch et al, 2012). They have also been shown to influence eye movements during reading (Cauchard et al, 2010a(Cauchard et al, , 2010bHyönä & Lorch, 2004), text search (Klusewitz & Lorch, 2000;Lorch et al, 2011aLorch et al, , 2011b and memory for informational text 1996b;Ritchey et al, 2008) even when the reading task does not directly implicate topic structure information (e.g., reading for understanding and/or free recall).…”

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confidence: 95%

“…Organizational signaling devices like headings direct readers' attention to topic structure information (Cauchard, Eyrolle, Cellier, & Hyönä, 2010a, 2010bHyönä & Lorch, 2004;Hyönä et al, 2002) and result in a more complete and accurate representation of a text's topics and their organization (Lorch & Lorch, 1996a, 1996bLorch et al,1993;Lorch, Lorch, Ritchey, McGovern, & Coleman, 2001). The availability of a good topic structure representation, in turn, supports the retrieval of information from text memory Mayer et al, 1984;Sanchez, Lorch, & Lorch, 2001).…”

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confidence: 97%

“…This difference in the salience of headings and preview sentences has potential implications for their effects on text processing. Specifically, headings should elicit more attention from readers than preview sentences (Cauchard et al, 2010a;2010b;Gaddy, Sung, & van den Broek, 2001;Hyönä & Lorch, 2004) and their greater influence on attention may cause them to have greater influence on the processing of topic structure information. In contrast, the lack of distinctiveness of preview sentences relative to the text content in which they are embedded may cause them to be overlooked as signals to topic structure in the absence of any special incentive to attend to such information.…”

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Signaling topic structure via headings or preview sentences

Lorch¹,

Lemarié²,

Chen³

2013

Psicol. educ.

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A B S T R A C TTwo experiments compared the effects on text processing of headings and preview sentences that were designed to communicate the same information about the texts' topics and their organization. In Experiment 1, college students read a text for understanding then were tested on memory for the subtopics and memory for simple facts presented in the text. Memory for subtopics was better for the text with headings; there was no difference between headings and preview sentences on memory for facts. In Experiment 2, participants read a text in order to outline it. Outlining was better if the text contained signals to topic structure than if the text did not contain signals, but there were no reliable differences between previews and headings. The findings show that previews function similarly to headings in a task that emphasizes the relevance of topic structure information, but they do not elicit readers' attention to topic information as readily as headings do. These results have implications for textbook design and instruction of comprehension strategies. La estructura temática señalizada vía títulos u oraciones previas R E S U M E NEn dos experimentos se compararon los efectos que sobre el procesamiento de textos ejercen los títulos y oraciones previas, ambos diseñados para transmitir la misma información sobre los tópicos del texto y sobre su organización. En el experimento 1, estudiantes universitarios leyeron un texto con el objeto de comprenderlo y a los que se les evaluó mediante dos pruebas de memoria, una centrada sobre los subtópicos y otra sobre hechos aislados descritos en el texto. La prueba de memoria sobre los subtemas fue superior para la versión del texto con títulos; sin embargo, no hubo diferencias en la prueba de memoria sobre hechos aislados entre ambas versiones del texto. En el experimento 2, los participantes leyeron un texto, pero en este caso con el objeto de dar una visión general sobre su contenido. En este caso la versión del texto señalizado sobre la estructura del texto fue mejor que la no señalizada, pero no se detectaron diferencias entre las oraciones previas y los títulos. Los resultados muestran que la función de las oraciones previas son similares a los títulos en tareas que enfatizan la relevancia de la información de la estructura del tema, pero no elicitan la atención de los lectores hacia la información del tópico como lo hacen fácilmente los títulos. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones educativas para el diseño de libros de texto y también para la instrucción de estrategias de comprensión.

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Signaling topic structure via headings or preview sentences

Lorch¹,

Lemarié²,

Chen³

2013

Psicol. educ.

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“…advance outlines), a relatively consistent picture emerges. First, headings attract the attention of readers as they read, causing them to alter their processing strategies so as to focus more on the text's topics (Cauchard et al, 2010a(Cauchard et al, , 2010bHyönä & Lorch, 2004). The additional processing of the headings results in a more systematic and complete representation of the topic structure of the text than would occur for the same text without headings (Lorch & Lorch, 1996b).…”

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Understanding How Headings Influence Text Processing

Lemarié¹,

Lorch²,

Péry-Woodley³

2012

discours

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“…Scialfa, Caird, Connolly, & Cosmescu, 1998). Some types of search, such as search for relevant topics (White, Warrington, McGowan, & Paterson, 2015), related words (Léger, Rouet, Ros, &Vibert, 2012) or answers to questions (Cauchard, Eyrolle, Cellier, & Hyona, 2010;Klusewitz & Lorch, 2000) necessarily involve linguistic processing of the text. In contrast, the present study focuses on the mechanisms underlying the process of searching for a specific target word, which may be achieved with only superficial processing of the text.…”

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confidence: 99%

Searching for a word in Chinese text: insights from eye movement behaviour

Wang

Sui

White

2019

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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Locating relevant information in text is an important aspect of the reading process, however relatively few studies have examined this, especially for logographic languages such as Chinese. The present study examines eye movement behaviour during search for a target word in Chinese sentences, compared with reading the sentences for comprehension. Although there were clear effects of word frequency during reading for comprehension, the study shows no evidence for an influence of the word frequency of non-target words on eye movement behaviour during target word search. The results are in line with previous research undertaken in English (Rayner & Fischer, 1996), such that during search for a target word, eye movement behaviour for non-target words is largely driven by superficial processing of those words. The study also highlights the prevalence of word skipping, indicating that words are often sampled only in visually degraded parafoveal vision during target word search in Chinese.

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Visual Signals Vertically Extend the Perceptual Span in Searching a Text: A Gaze-Contingent Window Study

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Signaling topic structure via headings or preview sentences

Signaling topic structure via headings or preview sentences

Understanding How Headings Influence Text Processing

Searching for a word in Chinese text: insights from eye movement behaviour

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