Visual fixations and level of attentional processing

Velichkovsky, Boris M.; Dornhoefer, Sascha M.; Pannasch, Sebastian; Unema, Pieter

doi:10.1145/355017.355029

Cited by 56 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Table I shows mean and standard deviation of each dependent measure on the easy route section and the difficult route section respectively. Dwell parameters in the helicopter navigation tasks were in the range of results previously reported (17). Also, the distribution of dwell duration was skewed to the left.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Pilot Performance: Assessing How Scan Patterns & Navigational Assessments Vary by Flight Expertise

Yang¹,

Kennedy²,

Sullivan³

et al. 2013

aviat space environ med

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Pilot Performance: Assessing How Scan Patterns & Navigational Assessments Vary by Flight Expertise

Yang¹,

Kennedy²,

Sullivan³

et al. 2013

aviat space environ med

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“…Bolstering experiment results by Velichkovsky et al [32] suggesting a strong correlation between visual fixations and user attention, we speculate that using the human eye as a natural input device provides us with an effective tool for selecting objects on videoconference displays.…”

Section: Eye Trackingsupporting

confidence: 66%

Cascading Hand and Eye Movement for Augmented Reality Videoconferencing

Barakonyi

Prendinger

Schmalstieg

et al. 2007

2007 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces

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We have implemented an augmented reality videoconferencing system that inserts virtual graphics overlays into the live video stream of remote conference participants. The virtual objects are manipulated using a novel interaction technique cascading bimanual tangible interaction and eye tracking. User studies prove that our user interface enriches remote collaboration by offering hitherto unexplored ways for collaborative object manipulation such as gaze controlled raypicking of remote physical and virtual objects. We have created an augmented reality-based videoconferencing tool that allows users to discuss and manipulate real and virtual objects over great distances while preserving non-verbal communication and part of the conference parties' physical environment. We have experimented with user interface techniques that make communication and interaction smoother while discussing real and virtual objects with a remote videoconference party. Physical objects are pose-tracked with handheld fiducial markers and virtual objects are assigned to tracked physical placeholders. In our application scenario videoconference parties use both hands to carry out object manipulation and interaction tasks such as translation, rotation or selection with fiducial markers. While two-handed tangible interaction may rely solely on complex 2D and 3D gestures aided by traditional input devices such as mouse and keyboard, we have found that exploiting the human eye as a natural input device during bimanual object manipulation yields faster, richer and more intuitive communication between partners in remote collaboration tasks. To support this statement, we have implemented and evaluated an interaction technique cascading bimanual tangible interaction and eye tracking. Figure 1 shows a schema of our AR videoconferencing system enhanced by eye tracking. This paper first discusses how tangible augmented reality and non-intrusive eye tracking enhance remote collaboration while comparing our system with related work, then presents our application scenario and interaction technique with implementation details. We conclude our paper with the results of our user study. REMOTE COLLABORATION IN ARUsers of AR applications can see the real world, which provides a reference frame for their actions. They can see themselves and their collaborators, enabling smooth communication with nonverbal cues during collaborative work. Moreover, a virtual space with synthetic objects is aligned with and superimposed onto the real world and shared among the users. Thus changes made to manipulated objects during the collaborative session are distributed and immediately visible to all participants. Unfortunately, this form of shared AR requires that the collaborators are sharing the same physical space, making it incompatible with remote collaboration over greater distances. State-of-the-art remote collaboration tools include audio/video conferencing and application sharing to help bridge the distance by displaying the remote parties' real environments. Ap...

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“…A combination of the two was used as the basis for analysis and discussion of results. Based on a review of the literature [3,4,5,6,7], a threshold of 200 ms. was used to define fixations.…”

Section: Study Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During a saccadic interval, the eye doesn't collect information but is simply moving from one place to another [5]. A point of fixation is the period between saccades, typically ranging from 200-600ms 1 , in which a stable visual point is held and information can be viewed [4,5,6]. An analysis of saccades and fixations can capture the wide range of visual perceptions and, presumably, cognitive processes people undergo when accessing information from a computer generated visual display [4,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Text or Pictures? An Eyetracking Study of How People View Digital Video Surrogates

Hughés

Wilkens

Wildemuth

et al. 2003

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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One important user-oriented facet of digital video retrieval research involves how to abstract and display digital video surrogates. This study reports on an investigation of digital video results pages that use textual and visual surrogates. Twelve subjects selected relevant video records from results lists containing titles, descriptions, and three keyframes for ten different search tasks. All subjects were eye-tracked to determine where, when, and how long they looked at text and image surrogates. Participants looked at and fixated on titles and descriptions statistically reliably more than on the images. Most people used the text as an anchor from which to make judgments about the search results and the images as confirmatory evidence for their selections. No differences were found whether the layout presented text or images in left to right order.

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Visual fixations and level of attentional processing

Cited by 56 publications

References 13 publications

Pilot Performance: Assessing How Scan Patterns & Navigational Assessments Vary by Flight Expertise

Pilot Performance: Assessing How Scan Patterns & Navigational Assessments Vary by Flight Expertise

Cascading Hand and Eye Movement for Augmented Reality Videoconferencing

Text or Pictures? An Eyetracking Study of How People View Digital Video Surrogates

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