Abstract

One important user-oriented facet of digital video retrieval research involves how to abstract and display digital video surrogates. This study reports on an investigation of digital video results pages that use textual and visual surrogates. Twelve subjects selected relevant video records from results lists containing titles, descriptions, and three keyframes for ten different search tasks. All subjects were eye-tracked to determine where, when, and how long they looked at text and image surrogates. Participants looked at and fixated on titles and descriptions statistically reliably more than on the images. Most people used the text as an anchor from which to make judgments about the search results and the images as confirmatory evidence for their selections. No differences were found whether the layout presented text or images in left to right order.

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This study was designed to quantify the relative contribution of the inferior and superior epigastric systems to infraumbilical TRAM flap skin blood flow, using laser Doppler flowmetry. In twelve flaps (11 patients), blood-flow measurements were obtained during routine elevation of the TRAM flap for breast reconstruction. Baseline readings were obtained and recorded after stabilization of blood flow. The deep inferior epigastric artery and vein (IEA) were clamped and measurements were obtained. An atraumatic aortic clamp was then placed across the superior strip of rectus abdominis muscle, occluding the superior epigastric system (SEA) and all collateral branches from the superior circulation, and readings obtained. IEA occlusion produced a reduction in skin flap blood flow which averaged 23 +/- 21 percent of baseline. When the SEA system was occluded, no significant decrease was noted. In fact, skin blood flow increased to 136 +/- 69 percent of baseline. When both the SEA system and IEA were clamped, skin blood flow averaged 10 +/- 9 percent of baseline, representing random movement of erythrocytes. The present study quantitatively documents the overwhelming dominance of the IEA system to supply the skin of the infraumbilical TRAM flap.