Visual Fatigue Reduction for Immersive Stereoscopic Displays by Disparity, Content, and Focus-Point Adapted Blur

Leroy, Laure; Fuchs, Philippe; Moreau, Guillaume

doi:10.1109/tie.2011.2171173

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For the objective measures, PMA and VRT are measured right after the subjective assessment each time a session is over, while PS and PERCLOS are extracted from recorded videos after the experiment. PMA is measured using a self-made device based on the Donder's Push Up Test [20] . While VRT is measured using a bought device in the mode of simple visual reaction time test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereoscopic visual fatigue assessment and modeling

Wang

Gong

2014

SPIE Proceedings

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Evaluation of stereoscopic visual fatigue is one of the focuses in the user experience research. It is measured in either subjective or objective methods. Objective measures are more preferred for their capability to quantify the degree of human visual fatigue without being affected by individual variation. However, little research has been conducted on the integration of objective indicators, or the sensibility of each objective indicator in reflecting subjective fatigue. The paper proposes a simply effective method to evaluate visual fatigue more objectively. The stereoscopic viewing process is divided into series of sessions, after each of which viewers rate their visual fatigue with subjective scores (SS) according to a five-grading scale, followed by tests of the punctum maximum accommodation (PMA) and visual reaction time (VRT). Throughout the entire viewing process, their eye movements are recorded by an infrared camera. The pupil size (PS) and percentage of eyelid closure over the pupil over time (PERCLOS) are extracted from the videos processed by the algorithm. Based on the method, an experiment with 14 subjects was conducted to assess visual fatigue induced by 3D images on polarized 3D display. The experiment consisted of 10 sessions (5min per session), each containing the same 75 images displayed randomly. The results show that PMA, VRT and PERCLOS are the most efficient indicators of subjective visual fatigue and finally a predictive model is derived from the stepwise multiple regressions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereoscopic visual fatigue assessment and modeling

Wang

Gong

2014

SPIE Proceedings

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“…Due to methodological limitations and simplicity, comfort-optimizing stereo displays are usually evaluated with subjective methods only. Responses can be collected either by rating methods, where a user issues a score on a Likert scale [Blohm et al 1997;Sun and Holliman 2009;Blum et al 2010;Koppal et al 2011;Liu et al 2011;Ju Jung et al 2012], or with the method of pairwise comparison [Koppal et al 2011;Leroy et al 2012]. An objective way to observe discomfort was used by [Cho and Kang 2012], who counted the eye-blink rate of users.…”

Section: Stereo Viewing Comfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hillaire et al [2008], and very recently Mantiuk et al [2013], proposed to use an eye-tracker to control DOF simulations in interactive applications. Eye tracking was also used in applications attempting to reduce stereo viewing discomfort by DOFblurring [Talmi and Liu 1999;Blum et al 2010;Leroy et al 2012]. In all cases, gaze data was mapped to scene content (e.g., objects [Mantiuk et al 2013]) in order to determine the focal distance.…”

Section: Stereo Viewing Comfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, manipulating disparities often leads to a significant reduction of depth quality, for example in the form of depth flattening, known also as the cardboarding effect. Another way to decrease discomfort is to use depth-of-field (DOF) blurring [Talmi and Liu 1999;Blohm et al 1997;Blum et al 2010;Leroy et al 2012], which simulates the foveal sharpness of the image at the point of focus and blurring observed in peripheral vision. However, applying DOF blurring to accurately simulate the perceived retinal image is difficult to achieve in highly dynamic applications and often causes loss of visual detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of fast disparity adjustment in gaze-controlled stereoscopic applications

Bernhard

Dell'mour

Hecher

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

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With the emergence of affordable 3D displays, stereoscopy is becoming a commodity. However, often users report discomfort even after brief exposures to stereo content. One of the main reasons is the conflict between vergence and accommodation that is caused by 3D displays. We investigate dynamic adjustment of stereo parameters in a scene using gaze data in order to reduce discomfort. In a user study, we measured stereo fusion times after abrupt manipulation of disparities using gaze data. We found that gaze-controlled manipulation of disparities can lower fusion times for large disparities. In addition we found that gaze-controlled disparity adjustment should be applied in a personalized manner and ideally performed only at the extremities or outside the comfort zone of subjects. These results provide important insight on the problems associated with fast disparity manipulation and are essential for developing appealing gaze-contingent and gaze-controlled applications.

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“…The simplest approach applies blur to static scenes producing a fixed and static DOF [10,14]. Other approaches allow dynamic modification of the DOF position via manual input [1,14] or utilize GC DOF [2,15].…”

Section: Dynamic Blurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth perception with gaze-contingent depth of field

Mauderer

Conte

Nacenta

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Blur in images can create the sensation of depth because it emulates an optical property of the eye; namely, the limited depth of field created by the eye's lens. When the human eye looks at an object, this object appears sharp on the retina, but objects at different distances appear blurred. Advances in gaze-tracking technologies enable us to reproduce dynamic depth of field in regular displays, providing an alternative way of conveying depth. In this paper we investigate gazecontingent depth of field as a method to produce realistic 3D images, and analyze how effectively people can use it to perceive depth. We found that GC DOF increases subjective perceived realism and depth and can contribute to the perception of ordinal depth and distance between objects, but it is limited in its accuracy.

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Visual Fatigue Reduction for Immersive Stereoscopic Displays by Disparity, Content, and Focus-Point Adapted Blur

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Stereoscopic visual fatigue assessment and modeling

Stereoscopic visual fatigue assessment and modeling

The effects of fast disparity adjustment in gaze-controlled stereoscopic applications

Depth perception with gaze-contingent depth of field

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