Visual analogue mood scale scores in healthy young versus older adults

Machado, Liana; Thompson, Laura M.; Brett, Christopher H. R.

doi:10.1017/s1041610218000996

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…The age by emotion interaction for false alarms was limited to emotional non-targets; there was no interaction here between age and emotion in blocks with neutral non-targets (Schel and Crone, 2013). Notably, the 3-way interaction among emotion, stimulus type, and age reached a more stringent level of significance (results reported in Supplementary Materials) after consideration of the influence of age differences in anxiety (Machado et al, 2018), which can increase attention and false alarm rates to negative information in particular (Mogg and Bradley, 2005; Pacheco-Unguetti et al, 2012). This exploratory finding confirms that the interactive effects of age were not attributable merely to differing degrees of reported anxiety between younger and older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Measures of cognition included the Trail Making Task parts A and B (Reitan, 1958), and Color-Word Interference (4 conditions) and Verbal Fluency Tasks (4 conditions) from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System (D-KEFS; Delis et al, 2001). In light of documented age differences in mood and anxiety (Machado et al, 2018) and in use of emotion regulation strategies (Urry and Gross, 2010), participants also completed self-report measures including the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross and John, 2003), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger and Gorsuch, 1983), and a depression inventory [older adults: Geriatric Depression Scale 30-item version (GDS; Yesavage et al, 1983); younger adults: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck et al, 1961)] to explore the possibility of differing relationships between these measures and emotional response inhibition as a function of aging. Following from our and others’ prior findings in younger adult samples (Mogg and Bradley, 2005; Pacheco-Unguetti et al, 2012; Greif and Waring, 2018), we explored whether higher anxiety or depression corresponded with poorer task performance (slower responses, more false alarms).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional Response Inhibition Is Greater in Older Than Younger Adults

2019

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Emotional information rapidly captures our attention and also often invokes automatic response tendencies, whereby positive information motivates approach, while negative information encourages avoidance. However, many circumstances require the need to override or inhibit these automatic responses. Control over responses to emotional information remains largely intact in late life, in spite of age-related declines in cognitive control and inhibition of responses to non-emotional information. The goal of this behavioral study was to understand how the aging process influences emotional response inhibition for positive and negative information in older adults. We examined emotional response inhibition in 36 healthy older adults (ages 60–89) and 44 younger adults (ages 18–22) using an emotional Go/No-Go task presenting happy (positive), fearful (negative), and neutral faces. In both younger and older adults, happy faces produced more approach-related behavior (i.e., fewer misses), while fearful faces produced more avoidance-related behavior, in keeping with theories of approach/avoidance-motivated responses. Calculation of speed/accuracy trade-offs between response times and false alarm rates revealed that younger and older adults both favored speed at the expense of accuracy, most robustly within blocks with fearful faces. However, there was no indication that the strength of the speed/accuracy trade-off differed between younger and older adults. The key finding was that although younger adults were faster to respond to all types of faces, older adults had greater emotional response inhibition (i.e., fewer false alarms). Moreover, younger adults were particularly prone to false alarms for happy faces. This is the first study to directly test effects of aging on emotional response inhibition. Complementing previous literature in the domains of attention and memory, these results provide new evidence that in the domain of response inhibition older adults may more effectively employ emotion regulatory ability, albeit on a slower time course, compared to younger adults. Older adults’ enhanced adaptive emotion regulation strategies may facilitate resistance to emotional distraction. The present study extends the literature of emotional response inhibition in younger adulthood into late life, and in doing so further elucidates how cognitive aging interacts with affective control processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Response Inhibition Is Greater in Older Than Younger Adults

2019

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“…The VAS referred to a 10-cm visual scale representing a continuum with the ends marked ‘0 (no pain)’ and ‘10 (unbearable pain)’. 20 Patients were asked to mark the scale from 0 to 10 when they experienced the worst pain intensity. Physiological measurements, including heart rates and blood oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ), were considered as the secondary outcome measures, which were monitored using a pulse oximeter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality distraction decreases pain during daily dressing changes following haemorrhoid surgery

Ding

He²,

Chen

et al. 2019

J Int Med Res

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Objective To investigate whether immersive virtual reality (VR) distraction could decrease pain during postoperative dressing changes. Methods This was a prospective, open-label randomized clinical trial that enrolled patients that had undergone haemorrhoidectomy. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a control group that received the standard pharmacological analgesic intervention during dressing change and a VR group that received VR distraction during dressing change plus standard pharmacological analgesic intervention. Pain scores and physiological measurements were collected before, during and after the first postoperative dressing change. Results A total of 182 patients were randomly assigned to the control and VR groups. The baseline characteristics of the VR and control groups were comparable. There was no significant difference in mean pain scores prior to and after the dressing change procedure between the two groups. The mean pain scores at the 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-min time-points during the first dressing change were significantly lower in the VR group compared with the control group. Heart rates and oxygen saturation were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion Immersive VR was effective as a pain distraction tool in combination with standard pharmacological analgesia during dressing change in patients that had undergone haemorrhoidectomy.

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“…Six internal mood states (sad, energetic, tense, happy, tired, and calm; in that order) were assessed using VAMS (Machado et al, 2018). For each mood scale, the following instruction was displayed: “Click the position of the line that best represents how you feel right now.” A black 100 mm horizontal line representing (but not displaying) distinct positions from 0 to 100 was presented below the instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Brief Stair-Climbing Intervention on Cognitive Performance and Mood States in Healthy Young Adults

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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ObjectivePrevious studies focused on the benefits of acute exercise on cognition and mood have mostly used specialized laboratory-based equipment, thus little is known about how such protocols generalize to naturalistic settings. Stair climbing is a simple and readily accessible means of exercise that can be performed in naturalistic settings (e.g., at home or at the workplace). In the present study we examined the effects of stair-climbing intervals on subsequent cognitive performance and mood in healthy young adults.MethodThirty-two undergraduate students (Mage = 19.4 years, SD = 1.3; 21 females) completed a controlled randomized crossover trial with session order counterbalanced across participants. Participants visited the lab on two occasions, one week apart, and completed one control session (no exercise) and one stair-climbing session (3 × 1 min stair-climbing intervals) with cognitive performance and mood assessed at the end of each session.ResultsRepeated measures ANCOVA revealed that males (Hedges’ gav = 0.45) showed better switching performance following the stair climbing but females (Hedges’ gav < 0.03) did not. Participants felt more energetic (Hedges’ gav = 1.05), less tense (Hedges’ gav = 0.61), and less tired (Hedges’ gav = 0.43) following the stair climbing. In addition, higher exercise intensity during the stair climbing predicted better subsequent switching performance and higher energetic ratings.ConclusionThese findings indicate that short bouts of stair climbing in a naturalistic setting can induce cognitive benefits for more challenging tasks, albeit only in males, indicating a sex-specific effect. Short bouts of stair climbing can be a practical approach to increase feelings of energy in daily life.

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Visual analogue mood scale scores in healthy young versus older adults

Abstract: These findings establish current mood state differences in young versus older adults. The absence of age-group differences in past studies may relate to the limited precision of the scales (only 7 points, in contrast to the 100-point scales used here).

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Emotional Response Inhibition Is Greater in Older Than Younger Adults

Emotional Response Inhibition Is Greater in Older Than Younger Adults

Virtual reality distraction decreases pain during daily dressing changes following haemorrhoid surgery

Effects of a Brief Stair-Climbing Intervention on Cognitive Performance and Mood States in Healthy Young Adults

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