The impact of infectious disease outbreaks on mental health among health care workers is wellestablished. Minimal research has focused on health care trainees' well-being, especially during unprecedented events such as the 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Trainees are vulnerable to inherent power and resource differentials, which may exacerbate stress. The present study used a mixed methods approach to examine mental health symptoms, perceived safety, and ongoing and desired support among a national sample of psychology interns, psychology intern and postdoctoral trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic (N ϭ 400). Participants reported clinically elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms. Participants working on-site who felt that their health or safety was at risk reported more
Emotional information rapidly captures our attention and also often invokes automatic response tendencies, whereby positive information motivates approach, while negative information encourages avoidance. However, many circumstances require the need to override or inhibit these automatic responses. Control over responses to emotional information remains largely intact in late life, in spite of age-related declines in cognitive control and inhibition of responses to non-emotional information. The goal of this behavioral study was to understand how the aging process influences emotional response inhibition for positive and negative information in older adults. We examined emotional response inhibition in 36 healthy older adults (ages 60–89) and 44 younger adults (ages 18–22) using an emotional Go/No-Go task presenting happy (positive), fearful (negative), and neutral faces. In both younger and older adults, happy faces produced more approach-related behavior (i.e., fewer misses), while fearful faces produced more avoidance-related behavior, in keeping with theories of approach/avoidance-motivated responses. Calculation of speed/accuracy trade-offs between response times and false alarm rates revealed that younger and older adults both favored speed at the expense of accuracy, most robustly within blocks with fearful faces. However, there was no indication that the strength of the speed/accuracy trade-off differed between younger and older adults. The key finding was that although younger adults were faster to respond to all types of faces, older adults had greater emotional response inhibition (i.e., fewer false alarms). Moreover, younger adults were particularly prone to false alarms for happy faces. This is the first study to directly test effects of aging on emotional response inhibition. Complementing previous literature in the domains of attention and memory, these results provide new evidence that in the domain of response inhibition older adults may more effectively employ emotion regulatory ability, albeit on a slower time course, compared to younger adults. Older adults’ enhanced adaptive emotion regulation strategies may facilitate resistance to emotional distraction. The present study extends the literature of emotional response inhibition in younger adulthood into late life, and in doing so further elucidates how cognitive aging interacts with affective control processes.
These results support the clinical utility of administering brief screening instruments during acute recovery from mild to moderate stroke. Neuropsychologists should prioritize performance on screening measures assessing acute neurologic status and cognitive dysfunction when making recommendations for post-stroke rehabilitation.
These findings suggest that there is benefit for the individuals who chose to engage in feedback sessions. Feedback sessions can be utilized to assist with integral decision-making processes and assisting in treatment planning among other areas. It also allows time for patients and family members to discuss their concerns regarding important test findings and recommendations. Given the current climate of value-based services and clinical outcomes, the findings from this study lend support to the utility of neuropsychological assessments and, in particular, the role of feedback within neuropsychological evaluations.
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