Viscosity of water substance—new international formulation and its background

Nagashima, Akira

doi:10.1063/1.555562

Cited by 80 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The results of a number of experimental studies on the viscosity of water are summarized by Nagashima [41] and by the Engineering Sciences Data Unit [42] up to 800°C and 1 kbar. Equations that represent the viscosity in the same temperature and pressure ranges are also given there.…”

Section: 656·1o-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Solutions

Tödheide

1982

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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A survey is given of recent results on the properties of pure water and binary and ternary mixtures at high temperatures and high pressures with emphasis on the geochemically important systems H 2 0 -CO 2 , H 2 0 -NaCl, and H 2 0 -CO 2 -NaC!. Among the properties discussed are phase diagrams, PVTx data, thermodynamic and transport properties, dielectric constant, electrical conductivity, and ionic equilibria. Concepts for predictive calculations of thermodynamic properties are briefly described.At about 200 kbar the melting temperature reaches 700 K.

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Section: 656·1o-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Solutions

Tödheide

1982

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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“…In view of the importance of water, particularly when used as a reference substance in viscometry, the establishment of standard values for its viscosity, of well-defined accuracy over as wide a temperature range as possible, is essential. Under the guidance of the Internation9.1 Association for the Properties of Steam considerable pI'ogress towards this end has been made recently [1,2].1 In particular, a consensus of experimental evidence and opinion with regard to the viscosity of water at 20° C and a pressure of 0.1 MPa has led to the recommendation that the value p, (20°C) = 1002.0 p,Pa s be adopted as a standard [1,3,4]. It is adjudged that this standard value has an accuracy of ±0.1 %.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity of liquid water in the range −8 °C to 150 °C

Kestin¹,

Sokolov²,

Wakeham³

1978

Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data

781

442

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The paper re-analyzes the results of earlier, very precise measuremen~s of the viscosity of water at essentially atmospheric pressure. This is done in terms of a new, theoretically-based equation for the operation of a capillary viscometer rather than in terms of semi-empirical equations used by the original authors. The new analysis eliminates possible systematic errors and permits the establishment of reaJistic error bounds for water in its role as a standard reference substance for viscosity. The latter are smaller than those embodied in the most recent International Formulation. Btandarct values of the ratIo of vIscosIty at a temperature T to its value at 20 °0 have been derived from the re-analyzed data because the uncertainity of this ratio is an order Of magnitude smaller than that of the absolute values. The ratios are used to generate absolute values with the aid of the standard NBS datum p.= 1002.0 p'Pa s at 20 0 0. The viscosity ratiOS have been correlated with the ald of two empirical equations. The more accurate equation covers the range OOO::::t:::: 40 °0 with an unce'rtaintyof ± 0.05%.

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“…96 We take a different approach here, and use an advanced residual concept for the correlation of the viscosity. In this approach, the viscosity of a fluid is expressed as a function of density and temperature and contains a zero-density limit term, a linear-in-density term, and a third virial coefficient for the quadratic density term, and higher-density terms for the compressed fluid region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Methanol

Xiang¹,

Laesecke²,

Huber³

2006

Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data

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A new reference-quality correlation for the viscosity of methanol is presented that is valid over the entire fluid region, including vapor, liquid, and metastable phases. To describe the zero-density viscosity with kinetic theory for polar gases, a new expression for the collision integral of the Stockmayer potential is introduced. The initial density dependence is based on the Rainwater-Friend theory. A new correlation for the third viscosity virial coefficient is developed from experimental data and applied to methanol. The high-density contribution to the viscosity is based on the Chapman-Enskog theory and includes a new expression for the hard-sphere diameter that is a function of both temperature and density. The resulting correlation is applicable for temperatures from the triple point to 630 K at pressures up to 8 GPa. The estimated uncertainty of the resulting correlation ͑with a coverage factor of 2͒ varies from 0.6% in the dilute-gas phase between room temperature and 630 K, to less than 2% for the liquid phase at pressures up to 30 MPa at temperatures between 273 and 343 K, 3% for pressures from 30 to 100 MPa, 5% for the liquid from 100 to 500 MPa, and 10% between 500 MPa and 4 GPa. At very high pressures, from 4 to 8 GPa, the correlation has an estimated uncertainty of 30% and can be used to indicate qualitative behavior. © 2006 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved.

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Viscosity of water substance—new international formulation and its background

Cited by 80 publications

References 21 publications

Hydrothermal Solutions

Hydrothermal Solutions

Viscosity of liquid water in the range −8 °C to 150 °C

A New Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Methanol

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