Viscoelastic Properties of Hybrid III Head Skin

Wood, Garrett W.; Panzer, Matthew B.; Bass, Cameron R.; Myers, Barry S.

doi:10.4271/2010-01-0383

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This type of constitutive model, using an Ogden formulation for the instantaneous elastic function, has proven effective for representing skin simulants that have a similar behavior. 6 Although this model is supposed to take into account the rate dependency of soft tissue, Liu et al 112 and Wang et al 113 have reported strain level and rate dependency of relaxation time constants. The QLV assumption for the material is suitable when the reduced relaxation function is only depending on time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although they observed that the skin response is a function of time, they argued that the initial quick response of the skin to the applied load can be described as a truly elastic component. By assuming the Poisson's ratio of n = 0:5 and skin thickness of h = 0:1 cm, and considering the elastic component only, they calculated the elastic modulus using equation (6). Agache et al 32 applied a higher torque (28.6 3 10 23 N m) on human forearm skin in vivo using a disk, which resulted in a twist angle of 2°-6°between the disk and surrounding ring, and evaluated the elastic modulus by the slope of the linear portion (first stage of Figure 2) of the stress-strain curve.…”

Section: Linear-elastic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 Finally, the biomechanical applications of skin material properties include the design and production of skin simulant materials for physical anthropomorphic devices such as crash test dummies and surgical simulators. 6,7 In addition to use with physical biomechanical models, skin material properties are used in the development and improvement of computational human body models for biomechanical simulation. 8–10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Skin mechanical properties and modeling: A review

Joodaki

Panzer

2018

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

Self Cite

340

235

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The mechanical properties of the skin are important for various applications. Numerous tests have been conducted to characterize the mechanical behavior of this tissue, and this article presents a review on different experimental methods used. A discussion on the general mechanical behavior of the skin, including nonlinearity, viscoelasticity, anisotropy, loading history dependency, failure properties, and aging effects, is presented. Finally, commonly used constitutive models for simulating the mechanical response of skin are discussed in the context of representing the empirically observed behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Linear-elastic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skin mechanical properties and modeling: A review

Joodaki

Panzer

2018

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

Self Cite

340

235

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“…The Hybrid III dummy headform has a viscoelastic skin, the response of which is strain independent up to strains of 20%. 26 In a recently published study, helmet-mounted and head-mounted acceleration sensors were tested. 25 The study used a Hybrid III headform fitted with a Riddell helmet, and data were collected from a number of sensors, including the HITS and the xPatch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of skin-mounted sensor for head impact measurement

Tiernan

Byrne

O’Sullivan

2019

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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The requirement to measure the number and severity of head impacts in sports has led to the development of many wearable sensors. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability and accuracy of a wearable head impact sensor: xPatch, X2Biosystems, Inc. The skin-mounted sensor, xPatch, was fixed onto a Hybrid III headform and dropped using an impact test rig. A total of 400 impacts were performed, ranging from 20g to 200g linear acceleration, and impact velocities of 1.2-3.9 m/s. During each impact, the peak linear acceleration, angular velocity and angular acceleration were recorded and compared to the reference calibrated data. Impacts were also recorded using a high-speed video camera. The results show that the linear acceleration recorded by the xPatch during frontal and side impacts had errors of up to 24% when compared to the referenced data. The angular velocity and angular acceleration had substantially larger errors of up to 47.5% and 57%, respectively. The location of the impact had a significant effect on the results: if the impact was to the side of the head, the device on that side may have an error of up to 71%, thus highlighting the importance of device location. All impacts were recorded using two separate xPatches and, in certain cases, the difference in angular velocity between the devices was 43%. In conclusion, the xPatch can be useful for identifying impacts and recording linear accelerations during front and side impacts, but the rotational velocity and acceleration data need to be interpreted with caution.

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“…According to Wood et al [24], the mechanical responses of dummy head in automobile collision are typically dependent on the viscoelastic properties of the head polymer skin. In order to improve the accuracy of the simplified dummy head proposed in this paper, three material parameters—relaxation modulus (GI), shear modulus (MU1), and decay constant (BETA)—are selected as design variables based on the material sensitivity and the research on physical properties.…”

Section: Biobjective Optimization For Dummy Head In Car Crash Expementioning

confidence: 99%

Biobjective Optimization Algorithms Using Neumann Series Expansion for Engineering Design

Guo

Yoshino

Fan

et al. 2018

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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In this paper, two novel algorithms are designed for solving biobjective optimization engineering problems. In order to obtain the optimal solutions of the biobjective optimization problems in a fast and accurate manner, the algorithms, which have combined Newton's method with Neumann series expansion as well as the weighted sum method, are applied to deal with two objectives, and the Pareto optimal front is achieved through adjusting weighted factors. Theoretical analysis and numerical examples demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Moreover, an effective biobjective optimization strategy, which is based upon the two algorithms and the surrogate model method, is developed for engineering problems. The effectiveness of the optimization strategy is proved by its application to the optimal design of the dummy head structure in the car crash experiments.

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Viscoelastic Properties of Hybrid III Head Skin

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Skin mechanical properties and modeling: A review

Skin mechanical properties and modeling: A review

Evaluation of skin-mounted sensor for head impact measurement

Biobjective Optimization Algorithms Using Neumann Series Expansion for Engineering Design

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