“…Witnessing inter-parental violence (Vaz, 2012); Verbal aggression from the mother and father; and psychological violence among parents, siblings, circularity of violence (Oliveira et al, 2014) Models of relationships from families of origin in which aggression is seen as inherent to relationships (Aldrighi, 2004) Family-related factors: Family attitudes and behaviors that are unequal and/or justify violence (i.e., authoritarianism, patriarchy, punishment, unidirectional respect and others in which masculine ideals and values are valued over feminine ones) (Rivera Sierra, 2012); inter-family (ENDESA, 2013) Low tendency to seek help (Soares et al, 2013;Minayo et al, 2011) Low help-seeking proclivities: only 5% of girls aged 15-19 reported IPV to the police or an authority (compared to 30% of women aged 45-49 -no data reported on boys/men and helpseeking) (ENDESA, 2013) For victimization of women: young age, low socioeconomic status (Lundgren and Amin, 2015); older age and having children (Instituto Nacional de la Juventud, 2013); Being a race other than white (Foshee et al, 2001) Risk factors according to a study on sexual coercion: Female sex (girls are also more likely to experience a first experience of sexual coercion or abuse at a younger age compared to boys, and by older men); being a race other than white (Moraes et al, 2006) Age: girls aged 15-19 years more likely to have suffered physical and psychological violence within the past 12 months (cumulatively, older women were more likely to have ever experienced violence since age 15) (ENDESA, 2013) Risky sexual practices (Lundgren and Amin, 2015); among adolescent girls -sexual risk behaviors (e.g., first intercourse before age 15 years, pregnancy Dating violence was directly associated with risky sexual behaviors among sexually experienced adolescent girls, particularly non-white girls, in a US study …”