Victimized again? intersectionality and injustice in disabled women’s lives after hate crime and rape

Abstract

Social cues, such as eye gaze and pointing fingers, can increase the prioritisation of specific locations for cognitive processing. A previous study using a manual reaching task showed that, although both gaze and pointing cues altered target prioritisation (reaction times [RTs]), only pointing cues affected action execution (trajectory deviations). These differential effects of gaze and pointing cues on action execution could be because the gaze cue was conveyed through a disembodied head; hence, the model lacked the potential for a body part (i.e., hands) to interact with the target. In the present study, the image of a male gaze model, whose gaze direction coincided with two potential target locations, was centrally presented. The model either had his arms and hands extended underneath the potential target locations, indicating the potential to act on the targets (Experiment 1), or had his arms crossed in front of his chest, indicating the absence of potential to act (Experiment 2). Participants reached to a target that followed a nonpredictive gaze cue at one of three stimulus onset asynchronies. RTs and reach trajectories of the movements to cued and uncued targets were analysed. RTs showed a facilitation effect for both experiments, whereas trajectory analysis revealed facilitatory and inhibitory effects, but only in Experiment 1 when the model could potentially act on the targets. The results of this study suggested that when the gaze model had the potential to interact with the cued target location, the model's gaze affected not only target prioritisation but also movement execution.

Group identity, empathy and shared suffering: Understanding the ‘community’ impacts of anti-LGBT and Islamophobic hate crimes

“…However, it is important to acknowledge that some people form attachments to multiple groups (communities) with some of these identities intersecting. The impacts of intersectionality have been explored in the context of various types of targeted victimization, such as gender and Islam (Zempi, 2016), disability and gender (Balderston, 2013), ethnicity and trans identity (Grant et al, 2011) and LGBT identity and social class (Meyer, 2010). Within this qualitative study, there was some evidence to suggest that holding multiple identities can exacerbate, or at least affect, individual responses to hate crime.…”

Intimate Partner Violence among Women with Disabilities in Uganda

“…Notably, there is research suggesting that the nature of victimization and abuse experienced by women with disabilities may be distinct from that experienced by women without disabilities. Women with disabilities are particularly at risk for severe violence [20,26], for sexual assault [27,28], and disability-related neglect [29,30]. In comparison to their male counterparts, women with disabilities are more likely to live in conditions characterized by poverty and isolation, increasing the likelihood that they experience violence without recourse [20,27].…”

‘It spreads like a creeping disease’: experiences of victims of disability hate crimes in austerity Britain

“…Intersectionality within research involves the concurrent analyses of multiple, intersecting sources, based on the principle that any impact on one form of identity may differ depending on its combination with other potential sources of identity (Crenshaw 1991). Liasidou (2013) and Balderston (2013) advocate that it is a suitable method for interpreting experiences of disability hate crime, as it explores the way in which social and cultural categories inter-weave and compound forms of oppression and marginalisation. By considering multiple, intersecting layers of oppression or subordination, the impact of experiences of hate crime can vary.…”

“…Similar evidence is also reported by Garthwaite (2014) and Baumberg, Bell and Gaffney (2012) with feelings of stigma and shame being created by media and government representations of the welfare reform process. Balderston (2013) and Burch (2018) suggest this stigma has in effect legitimised violence on a macro level for non-disabled people. The impact of all of this on disabled people is significant.…”