Social cues, such as eye gaze and pointing fingers, can increase the prioritisation of specific locations for cognitive processing. A previous study using a manual reaching task showed that, although both gaze and pointing cues altered target prioritisation (reaction times [RTs]), only pointing cues affected action execution (trajectory deviations). These differential effects of gaze and pointing cues on action execution could be because the gaze cue was conveyed through a disembodied head; hence, the model lacked the potential for a body part (i.e., hands) to interact with the target. In the present study, the image of a male gaze model, whose gaze direction coincided with two potential target locations, was centrally presented. The model either had his arms and hands extended underneath the potential target locations, indicating the potential to act on the targets (Experiment 1), or had his arms crossed in front of his chest, indicating the absence of potential to act (Experiment 2). Participants reached to a target that followed a nonpredictive gaze cue at one of three stimulus onset asynchronies. RTs and reach trajectories of the movements to cued and uncued targets were analysed. RTs showed a facilitation effect for both experiments, whereas trajectory analysis revealed facilitatory and inhibitory effects, but only in Experiment 1 when the model could potentially act on the targets. The results of this study suggested that when the gaze model had the potential to interact with the cued target location, the model's gaze affected not only target prioritisation but also movement execution.
She holds Graduate Statistician status from the Royal Statistical Society. She is author -with Sylvia Walby and Brian Francis -of 'Mainstreaming domestic and gender-based violence into sociology and the criminology of violence' (Sociological Review, 2014, 62: 187-214) and 'Is violent crime increasing or decreasing? A new methodology to measure repeat victimisation making visible viii
Academic Council of the UN (ACUNS) 64 actions (and intensions) 32-6, 42 domestic violence 96-8 ICCS categories 112 seriousness, repetition and duration 37-9 ACUNS (Academic Council of the UN) 64 administrative data 105-6 counting rules 40-2 criminal justice system 109-15 health services 115-21 and indicators 12-13 limitations of 141-2 social services 121-4 specialised victim services 124-5 ways forward 125-6 age of consent 75-6 Agenda for Sustainable Development, UN 19 Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act (2014) 88 assault ICD-10 categories 116, 119 physical 70-1, 127 sexual murders 63 UK emergency department category 116-17 see also sexual assault B
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